AGRIC,  DEPT,  &* 


AGRICULTURAL  SERIES  NO.    1 
JANUARY  2,  1894. 


WEEKLY. 
PRICE,  $12.50  PER  YEAR. 


THE  STANDARD 

HORSE  AND  STOCK 

..BOOK.. 


BY  PROF.  D.  MAGNER 

Assisted  in  special  departments  by  thirteen  of  America's  leading 
Veterinary  Surgeons  and  Inspectors. 


®vcr  Seventeen  fbunfcrefc  ffllustrations, 


PUBLISHED  WEEKLY  BY 

THE  WERNER  COMPANY, 
AKRON,  OHIO. 


Copyright,  1893,  The  Werner  Company. 


MAGNER'S  STANDARD 

HORSE  AND  STOCK  BOOK 

A  Complete  Pictorial  Encyclopedia  of  Practical  Reference 
for  Horse  and  Stock  Owners, 


COMPRISING 


ALL  SECRETS  OF  TAMING,  CONTROLLING,  AND  EDUCATING  UNBROKEN  AND  Vicious 

HORSES,  WITH  THE  DETAILS  OF  BREAKING  UP  ALL  HABITS  TO 

WHICH  HORSES  ARE  SUBJECT;  THEIR  ABUSES, 

DISEASES,  AND  REMEDIES. 

ALSO 

FULL  DESCRIPTIONS  AND  ILLUSTRATIONS 

OF  THE  VARIOUS  BREEDS  OF  CATTLE;  SHEEP  RAISING;  SWINE  AND  THEIR  DISEASES, 
THE  POULTRY  INTEREST;  THE  DOG  AND  HIS  AILMENTS,  BEE  CULTURE; 
FRUIT  CULTURE;  GRAFTING;  INSECTS  INJURIOUS  TO 
FRUIT,  ETC.;  AND  A  PLEA  FOR  BIRDS. 


Comprising  <S>x>er  1200  pages  anfc  1756  Illustrations. 


BY   D.    MAGNER, 


AUTHOR  OF  THE  NEW  SYSTEM  OF  TAMING  AND  EDUCATING  HORSES,  INDORSED  BY  ROBERT  BONNER,  ESQ., 
AND  ALL  LEADING  EXPERTS,  AS  THE  BEST  IN  THE  WORLD  ; 

Assisted  in  Special  Departments  by  JAS.  HAMILL,  D.  V.  S.,  Pres't  Nat'l  Vet.  Med.  Ass'n  ;  CHAS.  A. 
MEYER,  D.  V.  S.,  Editor  Veterinary  Gazette,  N.  Y.;  JOHN  A.  MCLAUGHLIN,  D.  y.  S.,  EX- Veteri- 
nary Inspector  N.  J.  State  Board  of  Health  ;  D.  G.  SUTHERLAND,  Ex-Pres't  Mich.  S"tate  Vet. 
Ass'n  ;  PAUL  PAQUIN,  A.  M.,  V.  S.,  Prof,  of  Vet.  Science  in  State  Ag.  College,  Columbia, 
Mo.;  T.  BENT  COTTON,  M.  D.,  V.  S.,  Pres't  O.  St.  Vet.  Ass'n  and  Vice-Pres.  Nat'l  Med. 
Vet.  Ass'n';  Dr.  B.  C.  MCBETH,  Sec'y  Mich.  St.  Vet.  Ass'n,  Hon.  Mem.  N.  Y.  St. 
Ac.  of  Vet.  Science;  J.  A.  DELL,  V.  S.,  Pres't  Mich.  St.  Vet.  Ass'n  ;  A.  J. 
CHANDLER,  V.  S.,  V.-Pres.  Mich.  St.  Vet.  Ass'n  ;  S.  BRENTON,  V.  S., 
Ex-Pres't  Mich.  State  Vet.  Ass'n;  WM.  JOPLING,  V.  S.,  Treas. 
Mich.  St.  Vet.  Ass'n  ;  A.  I.  ROOT,  Aujhor  of  "  A  B  C  of 

Bee  Culture;"   JOHN  A.  ADAMS,  •Horticulturist.         ^     ,,, 


CHICAGO  : 
WERNER  COMPANY. 

1SQS 


Copyright  1887 

by 

D.  MAGNER 

Copyright  1898 

by 
THK  WERNER  COMPANY 


Leading  Veterinary  Surgeons  who  assisted    in   preparing  the  Medical  and  Stock  Departments  ot 
"The  Standard  Horse  and  Stock  Book." 

1  JAMES  HAMILL,  D.  V.  S.  2  T.  BENT.  COTTON,  V.  S.  3  PAUL  PAQUIN,  A.  M.  V.  S. 

4  A.  J.  CHANDLER,  V.  S.  5  JOHN  A.McLAUGHLiN.V.S.  6  CHAS.  A.  MEYER,  V.  S. 

7  D.  G.  SUTHERLAND,  V.  S.  8  DR.  B.  C.  McBETH.  9  J.  A.  DELL,  V.  S. 

10  S.  BRENTON.  V.  S. 


PREFACE. 


THERE  are  eleven  million  horses  in  the  United  States,  and 
not  one  man  in  a  million  who  knows  how  to  educate  them 
to  the  highest  degree  of  usefulness.  We  say  educate ;  for  the 
horse  is  an  animal  of  high  and  spirited  organization,  endowed  by 
his  Creator  with  capabilities  and  faculties  which  sufficiently  re- 
semble man's  to  come  under  the  same  general  law  of  education 
and  government.  Primarily,  the  word  educate  means  to  lead  out 
or  lead  up  ;  and  it  is  by  the  process  of  leading  out  and  leading 
up  a  child's  faculties  that  the  child  becomes  a  useful  man,  and  it 
is  by  a  like  process  that  a  colt  becomes  a  useful  horse.  Now, 
teachers,  like  poets,  are  born,  not  made.  Only  a  few  are  gifted 
to  see  into  and  through  any  form  of  highly  organized  life, 
discern  its  capacities,  note  the  interior  tendencies  which  produce 
habits,  and  discover  the  method  of  developing  the  innate  forces 
until  they  reach  their  noblest  expression,  and  then  apply  the 
true  and  sufficient  guidance  and  government.  The  few  who  have 
this  gift  are  teachers  indeed,  and,  next  to  the  mothers-  of  the 
world,  deserve  the  world's  applause  as  foremost  among  its  ben- 
efactors. 

Next  to  child  training  and  government  comes  horse  training 
and    government  ;    and    which    is    the    least    understood,    it    were 

*This  preface  was  written  by  a  gentleman  well  known  in  the  world  of  let- 
ters, and  especially  famous,  not  only  as  a  lover  of  fine  horses,  but  as  a  high 
authority  on  all  matters  concerning  them.  Learning  that  I  had  in  preparation  a 
new  work,  he  volunteered  to  write  the  preface,  which  is  here  given  as  a  concise 
introduction  to  the  author's  own  labors,  with  a  high  appreciation  of  the  compli- 
ment paid  him  by  the  distinguished  writer,  in  the  personal  allusion,  the  publi- 
cation of  which  demands  no  apology  when  its  high  source  is  considered. 

(iii) 


iv  PREFACE. 

hard  to  say.  Boys  and  colts,  so  much  alike  in  friskiness  and 
stubbornness,  both  are  misunderstood  and  abused  in  equal  ratio. 
The  boys  are  shaken  and  whipped,  and  the  colts  are  yanked, 
kicked,  and  pounded.  That  high-spirited  or  slow-witted  boys  be- 
come good  men,  and  high-spirited  or  dull  colts  make  serviceable 
horses,  I  conceive  is  due  to  the  grace  of  God  more  than  to  man's 
agency, — that  fine  grace,  I  mean,  spread  abroad  through  and  ex- 
isting in  all  His  creatures,  which  operates  in  regenerating  con- 
tinually, making  the  good  better,  and  preventing  those  whose 
circumstances  forbid  their  becoming  good  from  becoming  ab- 
solutely bad. 

The  author  of  this  book  is  known  to  me  as  one  of  the 
gifted  ones  of  the  earth,  because  he  is  gifted  to  discern  the  na- 
ture of  animals,  and  educate  them  for  man's  service.  The  pos- 
session of  this  gift  suggested  his  mission,  and  well  has  he  fol- 
lowed it,  and  by  it  been  educated  himself  to  a  degree  rarely,  if 
ever,  attained  by  man  before.  I  doubt  if  there  be  on  the  globe 
his  equal  in  knowledge  as  to  the  best  method  of  training  horses. 
Through  this  volume  he  seeks  to  give  the  public  the  benefit  of 
his  experience.  I  bespeak  for  it  the  careful  perusal  of  the  curi- 
ous, and  of  those  especially  whose  judgment  and  heart  alike 
prompt  them  to  seek  for  and  promulgate  knowledge,  which,  be- 
ing popularized,  would  make  the  people  more  humane  and  horses 
more  serviceable. 

W.  H.  H.  M. 


LAW   OF   COPYRIGHTS. 


exclusive  benefits  of  copyrights  extend  to  twenty-eight  years , 
Jp  then  renewable  for  fourteen  years ;  if  the  author  is  dead,  to  the 
heirs j  by  re-recording,  and  advertising  the  re-record  for  four  weeks 
in  any  newspaper  in  the  United  States. 

The  forfeiture  of  all  the  books,  and  a  penalty  of  fifty  cents  on 
each  sheet  (sixteen  pages)  of  the  work,  half  to  the  United  States, 
and  half  to  the  author,  is  the  penalty  for  publishing  or  importing 
any  work  without  the  written  consent  of  the  author ;  and  the 
printer  is  equally  liable  with  the  publisher. 

Entries  must  be  sent  to  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.  The  laws  are  found  in  Vol.  IV.  of  the  United 
States  Statutes,  pages  4.36—4.39. 

fj^*'  This  Work,  with  "  Facts  for  Horse  Owners"  from  which 
the  part  on  the  horse  is  taken,  is  protected  by  three  separate 
Copyrights,  covering,  first,  its  Title ;  second,  its  Literary  Composi- 
tion; and  third,  .its  Engravings.  "H^H 

There  are  also  three  patents  covering  important  methods  of 
subjection  and  treatment  given  in  this  book.  First,  a  simple  means 
of  subjection  by  which  any  horse,  however  vicious,  balky,  or  un- 
manageable, can  be  put  in  harness,  subdued,  and  driven  gently  with- 
out  danger  of  accident.  Second,  a  method  by  which  headstrong, 
lunging,  runaway  horses  can  be  controlled  directly,  and  so  subdued 
by  the  pressure  of  the  reins  upon  the  nerve  centers,  that  he  will 
soon  submit  to  the  ordinary  restraint  of  the  bit.  Third,  a  method 
of  preventing  and  curing  contraction  and  quarter-crack — an  ab- 
solute cure  for  quarter-crack,  with  freedom  to  drive  on  any  road 
as  desired,  without  causing  the  hoof  to  split  back  as  it  grows — 
guaranteed  a  means  of  perfect  cure.  Fourth  (patent  pending),  a 
method  by  which  most  horses  pulling  or  lugging  on  the  bit,  will 
drive  safely  and  easily  to  a  pleasant  and  easy  restraint  of  the  reins. 

Jl^0  Purchasers  of  this  Work  or  "  Facts  for  Horse  Owners  " 
from  the  author  or  his  agents,  will  be  entitled  to  the  use  of  either 
or  all  of  these  patents  (for  personal  use  only),  without  extra 
charge ;  all  others  using  them  will  be  subject  to  legal  proceed- 
ings. ~^H  (V) 


Veterinary  Surgeons, 


fWENTY-FIVE  years  ago,  there  were  but  very  few  veterinary  surgeons 
in  the  country,  and  these  were  located  exclusively  in  the  larger  cities  ;  and 
there  were  no  veterinary  schools  for  their  instruction.     During  recent 
years,  the  better  informed  classes  of  the  community  have  become  so  awakened 
to  the  importance  of  treating  the  diseases  of  domestic  animals  intelligently, 
in  accordance  with  scientific  principles,  that  there  have  been  established 

quite  a  number  of  well-conducted  veterinary   colleges  in  this  country  and 

• 
Canada ;  and  in  consequence  there  are  now  to  be  found,  in  most  of  the  larger 

towns  in  all  the  States,  intelligent,  well-trained,  and  competent 

men,  who  have  graduated  from  such  colleges. 

Now,  I  am  in  a  position  to  know  that  the  training  in  these  schools  is  de- 
signed to  be  very  thorough,  and  that  those  at  their  head  are  well  qualified 
for  their  positions  i  and  a  certificate  of  graduation  from  any  of  these 
colleges  should  be  sufficient  to  give  entire  confidence  in  the  competency  of 
the  person  holding  it,  and  entitle  him  to  the  encouragement  of  stock  owners. 
It  cannot  be  denied  that  veterinary  surgeons  trained  in  this  way  are,  as  a 
class,  among  the  most  useful  and  hard-working  men  in  any  of  the  prof  es- 
sions,and  should  be  respected  and  encouraged  accordingly. 

S°>  if  V°u  have  a  horse  or  other  animal  that  has  been  injured  or  become 
sick,  especially  if  a  valuable  animal,  it  is  by  all  means  advisable  to  call  in 
a  veterinary  surgeon,  provided  there  be  one  within  reach;  and  this 
should  be  done  at  once,  without  the  hazard  of  delay.  No  matter  how  plain 
the  instructions  given  in  this  book  may  seem,  the  safest  and  wisest  course 
will  be  to  employ  such  a  man,  if  available.  Even  though  a  man  is  not 
a  regular  graduate,  if  he  has  the  reputation  of  being  successful  in  practice,  it 
will  be  best  to  employ  him. 

In  this,  as  in  other  professions,  there  are  men  who  have  such  natural 
ability  as  to  become  very  successful  in  practice.  If  I  had  a  horse  taken 
sick,  even  though  I  knew  just  what  to  do,  I  should  be  induced  to  call  in  the 
aid  of  a  veterinary  surgeon,  if  there  was  one  obtainable.  So  do  not  give 
the  cold  shoulder  to  the  veterinary  who  may  come  with  proper  qual- 
ifications to  locate  in  your  neighborhood,  but  extend  to  him  the  encouragement 
of  your  early  and  cordial  support. 

(vi) 


TABLE    OF    CONTENTS 


PART    Fl  RST. 


CHAPTEE    I. 
Preliminary   Explanations. 

The  Instincts  of  Lower  Animals — Their  Remarkable  Powers  —  Adaptation  of 
Domestic  Animals  to  Special  Wants  of  Man  —  Principles  of  Treatment 
— Necessary  Qualifications  for  Success  in  Controlling  Vicious  Horses.  .  25 

CHAPTEE    II. 

Principles  and  Secrets  of  the  Art  of  Taming  and 
Educating  Horses. 

Special  Points  of  Importance — The  War  Bridle — Principles  of  its  Application 
— The  "W,"  or  Breaking  Bit — Training  the  Mouth — Four-ring,  or  Upper 
Jaw  Bit— Half-moon  Bit— Spoon  Bit— Patent  Bridle— Foot  Strap— Patent 
Breaking  Rig 52 

CHAPTEE    III. 
Colt    Training. 

How  to  Make  the  Colt  Gentle — Teaching  to  be  Ridden,  Handled,  and  to  Follow 
—Various  Methods— Making  a  Wild  Colt  Follow  Instantly — How  to  Make 
any  Sullen  Colt  Lead  —  Teaching  a  Colt  or  Horse  to  Follow  with  the 
Whip — Making  the  Colt  Fearless  of  Objects  and  Sounds — Driving  any 
Colt  in  Harness  without  Breeching — Training  the  Mouth,  Biting,  etc.  .  106 

CHAPTEE    IV. 
Fear. 

Susceptibility  to  Fear — How  to  Prevent  and  Overcome  It — Illustrative  Cases — 
Fear  of  Rattle  of  Wagon — Jumping  out  of  Shafts — Top  Carriage — Objects 
Exciting  Fear  while  Riding  or  Driving — A  Robe — Umbrella  or  Parasol — 
Sound  of  a  Gun — Hogs  and  Dogs — Railroad  Cars — Insanity.  .  .  .  130 

CHAPTEE    V. 
Kicking. 

Causes  of  Kicking — How  to  Prevent  and  Overcome  It — Driving  any  Kicker 
without  Breeching — Switching  Kickers — Kickers  in  Stall — While  Harness- 
ing— Nervous  Kickers — Kicking  while  Grooming — Runaway  Kickers.  ,  .  148 

(vii) 


viii  CONTEXTS. 

CHAPTEE    VI. 
Running   Away. 

Runaway  Kickers— Different  Methods  of  Controlling  the  Mouths-How  to  Hold 

any  Horse — Lugging,  or  Pulling  upon  One  Rein — Making  a  Horse  Back.        183 

CHAPTEE  VII. 
Balking. 

Preventing  the  Habit — Different  Methods  of  Starting  the  Balker — How  to  Break 
up  the  Habit— Different  Tricks  Used— Will  not  Stand  when  Getting  in  or 
out  of  a  Wagon — Double  Balking — An  Easy  Method  of  Breaking  a  Double 
Balker 193 

CHAPTER    VIII. 
Bad   to    Shoe. 

Taking  up  the  Colt's  Foot — Easy  Method  of  Controlling  Colts — Confirmed  in 
the  Habit — Simple  Method  of  Making  a  Horse  Stand  to  be  Shod— The  Con- 
trol of  Very  Difficult  Cases— Leaning  Over. 209 

CHAPTEE    IX. 
Halter -Pulling. 

How  to  Prevent  any  Colt  or  Horse  from  Halter-pulling — How  to  Break  any 
Horse  of  the  Habit — Running  Back  in  the  Stall  when  Unhitched — Standing 
Without  Being  Hitched— Hitching  any  Horse  so  that  he  will  not  Pull  after 
Two  or  Three  Minutes.  .  . 222 

CHAPTEE    X. 

Stallions. 

Care  in  their  Management — Treatment  for  Headstrong  Stallions — Treatment  for 
Very  Vicious  Stallions — How  to  Subdue  and  Control  any  Stallion  so  that 
he  can  be  Called  away  from  a  Mare  in  a  few  Minutes —  Special  Tests  Illus- 
trating the  Ease  with  which  this  can  be  Done 232 

CHAPTEE    XI. 
Checking  and  Blinders. 

Cruelty  of  Checking — The  Foolishness  of  the  Practice — Injurious  to  the  Horse 

— Covering  the  Eyes — A  Bad,  Senseless  Custom.          .....  246 

CHAPTEE    XII. 
The   Mule. 

His  Subjection  and  Management. .         .         .  263 

CHAPTEE    XIII. 
Miscellaneous  Habits. 

Cribbing — Wind-sucking — Putting  the  Tongue  out  of  the  Mouth — Pawing  in 
Stall — Kicking  in  Stall — Getting  Cast  in  Stall — Jumping  over  Fences — 
Tender-bitted — Kicking  Cows— To  Lead  a  Cow  Easily 266 

CHAPTEE    XI V. 
Teaching    Tricks. 

To  Follow  by  the  Whip— To  Throw  Boys— To  Drive  without  Reins— To  Tell 

the  Age,  etc.,  etc.         . 275 


CONTENTS.  ix 

CHAPTEE    XV. 
Eq  uestrianism. 

Horseback  Riding — Its  Beneficial  Effects  upon  the  Health — Teaching  to  Ride — 

Position  in  the  Saddle — A  Model  Riding  Horse,  etc 286 

CHAPTER    XVI 
Breeding. 

Principles  of  Breeding — Methods  Adopted  in  Foreign  Countries,  etc.         .         .  296 

CHAPTER    XVII. 
Stabling. 

Construction  of  Stable — Air  and  Light — Form  of  Manger.  *.  301 

CHAPTER    XVIII. 
Feeding   and    Watering. 

Cooked  Food — Mr.  Bonner's  System.          .          . 307 

CHAPTER    XIX. 
Sow  to  Tell  the  Age  Accurately. 

Caries  of  the  Teeth— Treatment .         .313 

CHAPTER    XX. 
Shoeing. 

Principles  of  Shoeing — Tips  and  Thin  Shoes — Contraction — A  Reliable  Method 
of  Preventing  and  Curing  Contraction — Old  Methods  of  Treating  it — Quar- 
ter-crack— Simple  Method  of  Curing  Any  Case — Crack,  or  Fissure  of  Toe — 
Corns — Causes,  and  Practical  Method  of  Curing — Weak  Heels — Their  Man- 
agement— Interfering — Clicking,  or  Overreaching  —  Stumbling  —  Shoeing 
Sore  or  Foundered  Horses — Causes  of  Injury  in  Shoeing 329 


TIEIIEIIR,    TIRIE-fiJI'IMIIEILT'IL 
CHAPTER    XXI. 

The  Circulation — General  Plan  of  the  Circulatory  System — Derangements   of 

that  System  the  Cause  of  Disease— Importance  of  Ventilation.      .         .         .  401 

CHAPTER    XXII. 

Anchylosis — Caries — Necrosis  —  Exostosis,  or  Bony  Enlargement  —  Splints  — 
Spavins — Ring-bone — Side-bone,  or  False  Ring-bone — Curb — Bog  Spavins 
and  Thorough-pins — Capped  Hock — Wind-galls — Navicular- joint  Lameness 
— Founder — Chronic  Founder — Peditis.  .......  411 

CHAPTER    XXIII. 

SEC.  1.  Catarrh — Laryngitis — Distemper — Glanders  and  Farcy — Chronic  Cough 
— Heaves,  or  Broken  Wind— Roaring — Bronchocele — Nasal  Gleet — Influ- 
enza, Epizooti'c,  or  Catarrhal  Fever — Pink-eye — Congestion  of  the  Lungs — 
Pleurisy — Pneumonia — Hydrothorax — Typhoid  Pneumonia — Bronchitis.  .  453 


x  CONTENTS. 

SEC.  2.  Colic — Flatulent  Colic — Inflammation  of  the  Bowels — Superpurgation 
— Diarrhea — Constipation — Worms — Bots — Inflammation  of  the  Kidneys — 
Profuse  Staling — Inflammation  of  the  Bladder — Retention  of  Urine — Bloody 
Urine — Inflammation  of  the  Brain — Vertigo — Sun-stroke 493 

SEC.  3.  Spinal  Meningitis  —  Paralysis  —  Lock-jaw — Stringhalt — Thumps — Lym- 
phangitis— Weed — Monday  Morning  Leg — Peritonitis — Indigestion— Acidity 
of  the  Stomach — Acute  Indigestion 524 

CHAPTER    XXIV. 

SEC.  1.  The  Foot — Pricking  in  Shoeing — Stepping  on  Nails,  Glass,  etc. — Foot 
Lameness — Seedy  Toe — Graveling — Bruise  of  the  Sole — Treads,  or  Calks — 
Overreach— Quittor— Thrush— Canker. 536 

SEC.  2.  Sprains,  Bruises,  etc. — Sprain  of  the  Back  Tendons — Breaking  Down 
— Sprain  of  the  Fetlock — Shoulder  Lameness — Sweeney — Hip  Lameness — 
Knuckling  Over — Broken  Knees,  or  Open  Joint — Fractures — Dislocation  of 
Patella — Stifle-joint  Lameness.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  548 

SEC.  3.  Cuts   or  Wounds— Sore   Mouth — Fistula    of    the   Withers— Poll-evil— 

Diseases  of  the  Eye — Dropsy — Swelled  Legs 568 

SEC.  4.  Diseases  of  the  Skin — Surfeit — Nettle  Rash,  Hives,  etc. — Mange — Hen 
Lice — Ring- worm — Scratches — Grease — Tumors —  Sallenders —  Saddle  and 
Collar  Galls — Tenotomy — Castration — Parturition — Counter-irritants  —  Fo- 
mentations— Poultices — The  Pulse — Giving  Balls — Physicking — Bleeding — 
Setons — The  Rowel  —  Tracheotomy — Embrocations — Liniments — Rheuma- 
tism, Acute  and  Chronic— Warts. .592 


PART    SECON  D. 


ID  ^  I  IE£  ~3T  I  UST  O-. 

CHAPTER    1. 
Breeds   of    Cattle. 

Importance  of  the  Dairying  Interest — Desirable  Points  in  a  Cow — The  Milk  Es- 
cutcheon— The  Several  Varieties  of  Cattle  —  Short-horns — Long-horns — 
Polled  Cattle 643 

CHAPTER    II. 
Feeding    Cows. 

Influence  of  Feeding  on  the  Production  of  Milk — Importance  of  Care  in  Selec- 
tion of  Food — Value  of  Air  and  Exercise — Best  Kinds  of  Food — Artificial 
Feeding — Regulation  of  Food 652 

CHAPTER    111. 
Milking — Raising  Calves. 

Milking  To-day  and  in  the  Past — Stripping — Sore  Teats — Importance  of  Cleanli- 
ness in  Milking — Calving — Feed  and  Treatment  before  and  during  Calving 
—Rearing  of  Calves — Anti-sucking  Devices 659 


CONTENTS.  xi 

CHAPTEK    IV. 
Hay-Makin  g . 

Hay  to  be  as  Nearly  like  Green  Grass  as  Possible — Time  to  Cut  Hay— Analysis 
of  Clover  Hay — Mowing-machines — Hay-makers — Horse-rakes — Hay-loaders 
— Drainage — Dairy  Barns.  .  .  .  .  ..'...  668 

CHAPTEK    V. 
Milk. 

Physiology  of  Milk — Milk  Secretion — Anatomy  of  the  Udder — Composition  of 
Milk — Cleanliness  and  Ventilation  in  Milk  Houses— Disease  Propagated 
through  Milk 676 

CHAPTEK    VI. 
Butter-  M akin  g . 

Fat  Globules — Cream-raising — Deep  and  Shallow  Setting — Milk  Tanks  and  Cool- 
ers— Milk  Aerators — Strainers— Weighing-cans — Various  Devices  and  Ap- 
paratus.   686 

CHAPTER    VII. 
Butter -Making,    Continued. 

Churning — The  Old  and  the  New  Way — Various  Styles  of  Churn — Working 
Butter — Cleanliness — Salting — Butter-working  Machines — Marketing  Butter 
— Tubs  and  Jars.  .  .  .........  697 

CHAPTER    VIII. 
Cheese-Making. 

Milk  Vats — Refrigerating  Vats — Self-heating  Vats — Curd-mills  and  Curd-drain- 
ers—  Curd-knives  and  Curd-breakers — Cheese-presses — Upright  and  Gang 
Presses — Cheese-hoops — Cheese-factories.  ~— .......  706 

CHAPTER    IX. 
City  Milk  Delivery. 

Cooling  Milk  for  Transportation — Different  Patterns  of  Milk-cans — Model  De- 
livery Wagon — Depot  Refrigerator — Koumiss — Its  Value — Formulas  for  its 
Manufacture. .  716 


OIF1 
CHAPTER    X. 
Conditions  of  Health. 

Prevention — Nursing — Proper  Care — Alimentary  Canal  of  Horse  and  Ox — Tem- 
perament of  Cattle — Susceptibility  to  Diseases  of  the  Blood — Non-suscepti- 
bility to  Nervous  Diseases — Administering  Medicine — Doses — Difference  in 
Action  of  Medicine  in  Cattle  and  Horses — Importance  of  Familiarity  with 
the  Appearance  of  Cattle  in  Health — Normal  Pulse,  Respiration,  and  Tem- 
perature. .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  ! *  721 

CHAPTER   XL 
Contagious  Blood  Diseases. 

Pleuro-pneumonia  —  Rinderpest  —Anthrax,    Charbon,  Bloody  Murrain— Gloss 


xii  CONTENTS. 

Anthrax,    or  Black    Tongue — Black   Leg — Splenetic  Apoplexy — Epizootic 
Aphtha,  or  Foot  and  Mouth  Disease — Cow-pox,  or  Variola  Vaccini.       .       .  726 

CHAPTER    XII. 
Non- Contagious  Blood  Diseases. 

Plethora  —  Anaemia — Purpura   Hsemorrhagica —  Rheumatism — Uremia — Hsema- 

turia,  or  Red-water — Septicaemia  and  Pya3inia 741 

CHAPTEE    XIII. 
Diseases  of  Respiratory  Organs. 

Location  of  the  Inflammatory  Process — Auscultation  and  Percussion — Catarrh, 
Colds — Malignant  Catarrh — Laryngitis,  or  Sore  Throat— Malignant  Sore 
Throat — Tracheotomy — Bronchitis—  Pneumonia — Abscess  of  the  Lungs — 
Pleurisy — Tapping  of  the  Chest — Sporadic  Pleuro-pneumonia— Asthma,  or 
Emphysema.  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  752 

CHAPTEK    X1Y. 
Diseases   of  Digestive    Organs. 

Drenching — Injuries  of  the  Mouth — Inflammation  of  Mouth  and  Tongue — Stom- 
ach of  Ruminants — Intestines  of  Ox— Lymphatics— Hoven — Probang  and 
Gags — Puncturing  the  Rumen — Impacted  Rumen,  or  Maw-bound — Rumen- 
otomy — Obstruction  of  the  Gullet — Impaction  of  Omasum.  .  .  .  708 

CHAPTEE   XV. 
Diseases  of  Digestive   Organs9   Continued. 

Dyspepsia — Rickets — Fragility  of  Bones — Diarrhea — Dysentery  —  Enteritis — 
Peritonitis — Abdominal  Hernia — Strangulation  of  Intestines — Casting  an 
Ox — German  Method.  . 782 

CHAPTEE    XVI. 
Diseases  of  Urinary  Organs. 

Urinary  Apparatus  of  Ox — Diabetes — Retention  of  Urine — Operation  for  Re- 
moving Urine — Incontinence  of  Urine — Albuminuria  —  Haematuria,  or 
Bloody  Urine — Sthenic  Hsematuria — Inflammation  of  the  Kidneys — Inflam- 
mation of  the  Bladder— Gravel — Protrusion  and  Inversion  of  the  Bladder.  792 

CHAPTEE    XVII. 
Nerve,  Skin,  and  Eye  Diseases. 

Apoplexy — Epilepsy — Inflammation  of  the  Brain — Xervous  Debility  in  Parturi- 
tion— Tetanus,  or  Lock-jaw — Eczema — Herpes — Foul  in  the  Foot — Foreign 
Substances  in  the  Eye — Ophthalmia 801 

CHAPTEE    XVIII. 
Parasitic   Diseases. 

External  Parasites — Gad-fly — Lice — Mange — Ring-worm — Internal    Parasites — 

Hoose,  or  Terminal  Bronchitis — Measles — Tape-worm.          ....  808 

CHAPTEE    XIX. 

P&rtwrition. 

Period  of  Gestation — Signs  of  Parturition — Natural  Parturition — Expulsion  of 

Placenta — Unnatural  Presentations  of  Various  kinds — Retained  After  birth.  817 


CONTENTS.  xiii 

CHAPTEE  XX. 
Parturient    Diseases. 

flooding — Inversion  of  Uterus — Dr.  Meyer's  Treatment — Original  and  Success- 
ful Treatment  by  Dr.  Me  Beth — Inflammation  of  the  Uterus — Puerperal 
Fever — Parturient  Apoplexy,  or  Milk  Fever. 825 

CHAPTEE    XXI. 
Parturient  Diseases,   Continued. 

Leucorrhea,  or  Whites — Abortion — Importance  of  Isolation — Hernia  of  the 
Uterus — Sore  Teats — Gonorrhea — Mammitis,  or  Inflammation  of  the  Udder 
—Treatment  of  Calves — Care  at  Birth — Their  Ailments.  .  .  .  .  835 

CHAPTEE    XXII. 
Miscellaneous. 

Teeth  of  Cattle — Study  of  Dentition — Unreliability  of  Determining  Age  by 
Horns — Teeth  of  Different  Ages — Methods  of  Throwing  and  Securing  the 
Ox — Throwing  by  a  Single  Rope — Rueffs  Method — Securing  the  Ox  in  a 
Standing  Position — Securing  Hind  Leg — Ox  Travis — Nose-clamps — Nose- 
ring— Alsace  Nose-ring  and  Headstall — Vigan's  Apparatus — Devices  to  Pre- 
vent Hooking  and  Running — Yoke  for  Ox 844 

CHAPTEE    XXIII. 
Local  Injuries,  Dislocations,  and  Wounds. 

Injury  of  Stifle  Joint— Dislocation  of  Patella— Kinds  and  Treatment  of  Wounds 
— Sutures,  Needles,  Syringes,  and  Bandages — Inflammatory  Action  and 
Fever — Cleanliness,  Ventilation,  and  Disinfection — Forms  of  Contagious 
Matter — Disinfecting  Agents — Chloride  of  Lime — Carbolic  Acid — Sulphate 
of  Iron — Sulphate  of  Zinc — Formulas  for  Disinfectants  in  Solid  and  Liquid 
Forms — Fumigation — Sulphur — Chlorine  Gtas.  .....  855 


S  IE3I  IE  IE  IFL 

CHAPTEE    XXIV. 
Breeds  of  Sheep. 

Sheep  in  Ancient  Times — Mutton  a  Modern  Product — Statistics  of  Sheep-raising 
in  the  United  States — Breeds  of  Sheep — Long-wooled  Sheep — Short-wooled 
Sheep — Breeds  of  Sheep  in  Asia,  Europe,  and  America — Wild  Sheep.  .  863 

CHAPTEE    XXV. 
Care  and  Management. 

Pasturage— Adaptation  of  Different  Soils — Foods  in  Short  Pasturage — Dry  and 
Clean  Pastures  Essential — Treatment  of  Ewes  During  Gestation — Treat- 
ment and  Feeding  of  Lambs — Docking  and  Castration — Lamb-creep — 
Weaning  time — Selection  of  Rams  and  Ewes  for  Breeding — Dipping  for 
Ticks — Washing  and  Shearing — Care  and  Feeding  in  Winter — Comparative 
Nutritive  Value  of  Foods.  .  881 


xiv  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTEE    XXVI. 
Diseases  of  Respiratory,  Digestive,  and  Urinary  Organs. 

Structure  of  the  Sheep — The  Teeth — Causes  of  Disease — Catarrh — Bronchitis — 
Pneumonia — Pleurisy — Constipation — Diarrhea — Dysentery  — Hoven  —  In- 
flammation of  the  Bladder — Retention  of  Urine — Sediment  in  Urinary  Canal 
—Stone  in  the  Bladder 891 

CHAPTEE    XXVII. 
Blood,  Nerve,  Enzootic,  and  Epizootic  Diseases. 

tf  Pining  " — Dropsy — Lock-jaw —  Vertigo  —  Parturient  Paraplegia  —  Eczema — 
Ecthyma — Psoriasis — Solary  Ecthyma — Influenza — Red  Water — Rot  Dropsy 
— Foot-rot — Foot  and  Mouth  Disease — Small  Pox — Anthrax,  or  Quarter  111 
—Tuberculosis— Rabies .  899 

CHAPTEE    XXVIII. 
Parasitic  Diseases. 

Revolution  Wrought  by  the  Microscope — Sheep-bots,  or  Grubs  in  the  Head — 
The  Fluke  Disease,  or  Liver  Rot — Different  Varieties  of  Fluke — Vermicular 
Bronchitis— Turnsick,  Sturdy,  or  -Gid 909 

CHAPTEE    XXIX. 
Parasitic  Diseases,   Continued. 

The  Tape-worm — Its  Existence  in  the  Intestines — Mange  or  Itch — Various  Species 
of  Acari — Dog-tick— Fodder-louse — Body-louse — Head-louse  —  Sheep-louse 
Sheep-tick— Sheep-bug— Man-eating  Fly— Tsetse  Fly.  .  919 

CHAPTEE    XXX. 
Lambing  and  Attendant  Diseases. 

Parturient    Fever — Parturient     Paralysis — Garget — Castration  —  Rheumatism — 

Cancer  of  the  Foot — Docking — Fractures — Sprains — Feeling  the  Pulse.        .  (.^21 


i  isr  IE  . 

CHAPTEE    XXXI. 
Anthrax  and  Cholera. 

Diseases  of  Swine  Largely  Due  to  Improper  Food  and  Management — Administer- 
ing Medicines  to  Hogs — Charbon,  Anthrax,  or  Hog  Cholera — Nature  of  An- 
thrax Diseases — Gangrenous  Erysipelas — Malignant  or  Gangrenous  Angina 
— Apoplectic  Anthrax — Preventive  Measures.  .  .  .  •  .  .  .  933 

CHAPTEE    XXXII. 
Anthraoc  and  Cholera,   Contimied. 

So-called  "  Hog  Cholera  " — What  the  Term  Implies — Contagious  Pleuro-enteritis 
— Erysipelatous  Form — Malignant  Sore  Throat — Various  Remedies — At- 
tributed to  Contagion — Judicious  Rules  for  Treatment 944 

CHAPTEE    XXXIII. 
Catarrhal  Diseases,  etc. 

Malignant  Epizootic  Catarrh — Apoplexy — "  Snuffles" — Constipation— Diarrhea 
— Diphtheria — Epilepsy — Inflammation  of  the  Lungs — Abscess — Anaemia 
—Piles.  .  954 


CONTENTS.  xv 

CHAPTEE    XXXIV. 
Parasites  of  Swine. 

Kidney-worms — Hog-lice — Mange,    or    Scab — Measles    in    Pork — Trichinosis — 

The  Strongylus — The  Ascaris — Symptoms  of  Worms.  ....  970 


CIIAPTEK    XXXV. 
Breeds  and  Breeding. 

Houdans — Crevecceurs — Cochins — Plymouth  Rocks — Polish  Fowls — Brahmas — 
Silkies — Frizzled  Fowls — Rumpless  Bantams — East  India  Fowls— Aseels — 
Sebright  and  Pekin  Bantams — Sebastopol  Geese — Nile  Geese — Black-beaked 
Turkey — Ducks.  .  .  .  983 

CHAPTER    XXXYI. 
Food9  Feeding,  and  Marketing. 

Proper  Food  for  Fowls — Fattening  for  Market — Killing — Preserving  and  Pack- 
ing Eggs— Proper  Kinds  of  Food .  999 

CHAPTER    XXXVII. 
Poultry  Architecture. 

General   Directions — Portable   Poultry   Houses — Shelters — "Warm  Mother  "- 

•'Cold  Mother" — Coops — Improved  Poultry  Homes.  .  .  .  1003 

CHAPTER    XXXVIII. 
Eggs  and  Incubation. 

Generation  of  the  Egg — Physiology  of  Incubation — Natural  Incubation — Con- 
venient Hens'  Nests — Egg-protector — Fertility  and  Egg-testers.  .  1008 

CHAPTER    XXXIX. 
Artificial  Incubation. 

Artificial  Incubators  in  Ancient  Times — Progress  in  Invention  of  Incubating  Ma- 
chines— The  Graves  Incubator — Halsted's  Automatic  Incubator — The  Boyle 
Incubator — Tomlinson's  Automatic  Incubator  —  Thermostatic  Incubator — 
Hearson's  Regulator.  .  .  .  .  .....  1012 

CHAPTER    XL. 
Diseases  of  Poultry. 

Apoplexy —  Bronchitis  —  Bumble-foot  —  Catarrh  —  Cholera  —  Consumption-1 
Cramps  —  Crop-bound  —  Debility —  Diarrhea  —  Diphtheria  —  Egg-bound — 
Feather-eating  -  Frost-bite— Gapes — Vertigo— Swelled  Legs— Indigestion— 
Leg-weakness — Lice— Liver  Disease — Pip — Roup — White-comb — Worms  in 
Ducks — Caponizing  Fowls.  .  . 1020 


IDOOr- 
CHAPTER    XLI. 
Races  of  Dogs. 

The  Dog's  Close  Relation  to  Man— His  Intelligence— His  Origin— Kinship  of  the 
Wolf,   Hyena,  Jackal,  and  Fox  to  the   Dog— The  Newfoundland  Dog— 


xvi  CONTENTS. 

Tales  of  the  Newfoundland— The  St.  Bernard— His  Wonderful  History 
and  Characteristics — Interesting  Incidents.  .  .  ...  1031 

CHAPTEE    XLIL 
Races  of  Dogs,  Continued. 

The  Shepherd  Dog — Incidents  Illustrating  his  Sagacity — The  Esquimau  Dog 

The  Danish  Dog— The  Bull-dog— The  Brutality  of  Dog-fighting— The  Grey- 
hound— The  Blood-hound — Illustrations  of  his  Intelligence — The  Terrier 
—The  Setter — The  Dachshund — Pet  Dogs.  .....  1041 

CHAPTEE    XLIII. 
Diseases  of  Do(js. 

Structure  of  the  Dog — Distemper — Diarrhea  and  Dysentery — Constipation — In- 
flammation of  the  Bowels — Throat  and  Lung  Diseases — Goitre — Hydro- 
phobia —  Parasites  —  The  Round-worm —  Giant  Strongle — Tape-worm — 
Blood-sucker  —  Bird-louse  —  Ear-louse  —  Cat-flea — Dog-flea — Remedies  for 
Worms  and  Mange.  .  ........  1053 


CHAPTEE    XLIV. 

Importance  of  Bee-keeping  as  an  Industry  — Effect  of  Modern  Progress  in  Bee- 
culture — Description  of  Bees — Process  of  Making  Honey — Internal  Econ- 
omy of  the  Hive — Swarming — How  to  Manage  and  Prevent  Swarming — Va- 
rious Inventions  Therefor — Artificial  Swarming — Various  Kinds  of  Hives — 
Bee  Pasturage — Preparing  Honey  for  Market — Liquid  Honey — Honey  Ex- 
tractor— Comb  Honey — Its  Preparation — Root's  Improvement  on  the  Long- 
stroth  Hive — Guarding  against  Robbery  of  Hives — Preparing  Bees  for  Win- 
ter— Proper  Methods  of  Storing  Honey.  ......  1065 


IFZESTJIT    O  TJ  Hi  T  TJ  13  IE  . 

CHAPTEE    XLV. 

Importance  of  the  Culture  of  Fruit — Transplanting,  Pruning,  and  Management 
— Selection  of  Stock — Budding — Layering — Layering  by  Elevation — Ap- 
proach-grafting— Cleft-grafting — Insects  Injurious  to  Fruits — Remedies  for 
Them — General  Hints  for  Protection  of  Fruits.  .  .  1087 


:FO:EB    TIEHIE    ZBHRXDS. 

CHAPTEE    XLVI. 

The  Usefulness  as  well  as  Delightfulness  of  Birds — The  Benefit  they  Confer  in 
Destroying  Insects— Eloquent  Tribute  of  Rev.  Henry  Ward  Beecher— Chiff- 
chaff — Yellow  Wren — Golden-crested  Wren — Fire-crested  Warbler — African 
Beef-eater — Blue-bird —  Pigmy  Piculet — Rose-colored  Pastor — Short-tailed 
Ant  Thrush — European  Goat-sucker.  ...  .  .  1107 


INTRODUCTION. 


For  Special  Reasons  of  Interest  to  tl\e   Deader,  Wl\at  is  Writ- 
ten Here  Should  be  I^ead  First,  and  witl\  Care. 


PRIOR  to  1860,  when  I  was  first  betrayed  into  giving  some 
special  exhibitions  in  the  art  of  taming  horses,  there  was  but 
very  little  known  on  the  subject,  and  what  was  known  could 
not  be  regarded  as  more  than  the  merest  empiricism.  Indeed,  I 
had  been  under  the  impression  myself  at  that  time,  that  there  was 
some  great  secret,  giftedness,  scent,  or  medicines  by  which  vicious 
horses  could  be  controlled  and  changed  in  character.  This  im- 
pression had  misled  me  greatly  ;  and  it  was  only  by  long-continued 
observation  and  practice  that  I  was  finally  able,  little  by  little,  to 
grasp  the  subject  in  its  true  aspect,  and  learn  the  real  principles  of 
subduing  and  controlling  vicious  horses  in  a  practically  reliable 
manner. 

The  drift  of  my  efforts  and  experiments  which  enabled  me  to 
do  this,  extended  over  many  years,  and  during  the  first  decade  were 
necessarily  but  little  more  than  a  series  of  crude  experiments,  suc- 
cess being  constantly  alternated  with  more  or  less  failure  ;  and,  in 
fact,  I  was  deeply  interested  in  the  study,  and  was  far  from  exhaust- 
ing it,  when  I  left  the  road  at  the  expiration  of  over  nineteen  years 
of  the  most  exacting  experience  before  the  public,  and  extending  to 
all  the  older-settled  States  of  the  country.  But  every  failure,  when 
made,  had  been  only  the  means  of  suggesting  new  points,  revealing 
to  me  new  and  more  correct  insight  into  the  study,  thereby  carry- 
ing me  forward,  and  enabling  me  finally  to  accomplish  results  in  the 

SUBJECTION    OF   SPECIALLY   VICIOUS   HORSES, 

which  were  not  only  a  source  of  constant  interest  and  surprise  to 
myself,  but  of  astonishment  to  the  best  horsemen  in  the  country 
and  the  world,  because  of  reducing  the  principles  of  controlling  and 
educating  horses  to  the  basis  of  an  exact  science,  and  not  only  rev- 
olutionizing all  previous  ideas  of  the  control  and  management  of 
horses,  but  saving  fully  eighteen-twentieths  of  the  time  usually  re- 
quired in  their  training,  as  well  as  making  it  entirely  safe  and 
simple  to  do.  The  power  to  change,  as  if  by  magic,  the  character 
of  a  horse  that  had  perhaps  defied  all  previous  effort  to  be  brought 
2  2  (xvii) 


xviii  INTRODUCTION. 

under  restraint,  and  proved  in  consequence  to  be  practically  worth- 
less, frequently  in  the  short  period  of  less  than  an  hour,  could  not 
but  be  accepted  as  a  startling  innovation  to  them,  but,  if  possible, 
of  more  interest  from  the  fact  that  these  results  were  brought  about 
by  clear,  well-defined  principles  of  treatment,  so  plain,  simple,  and 
practical  as  to  be  easily  understood  and  applied,  and  within  the 
ability  of  any  ordinary  person  to  master  and  use. 

These  principles  I  was  compelled  to  teach  as  a  secret,  for  which 
I  charged  a  fee  of  from  five  to  ten  dollars  ;  which  instructions  were 
necessarily  limited  to  a  few  hours,  and  to  a  few  representative 
citizens  in  each  neighborhood  that  I  visited  ;  and  though  I  pub- 
lished a  small  work,  which  was  included  in  the  instructions,  it  was 
of  necessity  so  written  as  not  to  impart  these  secrets,  and  would 
give  no  idea  whatever  of  my  methods  and  principles  of  treatment 
to  persons  who  had  not  attended  my  lectures. 

Though  possessed,  when  young,  of  a  remarkably  strong  consti- 
tution, the  constant  struggle  and  excitement  forced  upon  me  in  so 
difficult  a  field  for  so  many  years,  gradually  undermined  and  im- 
paired my  health,  until,  in  the  early  winter  of  1878,  I  finally  broke 
down  so  seriously  as  to  be  compelled  to  leave  the  road. 

I  now  concluded  to  carry  out  at  my  leisure  the  purpose  which 
had  for  some  time  been  developing  in  my  mind, — that  of  writing  out 
the  full  details  of  my  system,  including  such  knowledge  as  I  be- 
lieved to  be  most  valuable  to  horse  owners,  and  that  would  bring  it 
within  the  reach  of  people  generally.  I  at  first  intended  to  make  a 
work  of  only  about  three  hundred  pages,  which  would  embody 
merely  the  simple  outlines  I  gave  to  classes,  with  some  additions  to 
the  treatment  for  sickness  and  lameness  which  I  had  already  given 
in  my  old  book.  But  after  writing  it  up  and  preparing  the  illustra- 
tions I  supposed  necessary,  I  could  see  so  much  that  should  be 
added,  that  I  was  induced  to  re-write  the  whole  matter,  bringing  it 
up  to  about  six  hundred  pages,  with  about  three  hundred  and  fifty 
illustrations.  When  this  was  completed,  I  again  found  it  necessary 
to  make  still  more  additions,  until  it  grew  upon  my  hands  to  the 
present  size  and  number  of  illustrations  of  my  regular  book  on  this 
subject.  With  the  enlargement  of  the  work  grew  also  upon  me  the 

desire  to  make  the  departments  of  Shoeing,  Sickness,  and  Lame- 
ness equally  satisfactory.  With  this  object  I  made  a  special  effort 
to  secure  the  best  veterinary  skill  I  could  command  ;  but  in  this  I  en- 
tirely failed,  until  fortunate  in  arresting  the  attention  of  DR.  JAMES 
HAMILL,  D.  V.  S.,  of  New  York  City,  formerly  Professor  of  Patho- 
logical Shoeing  in  the  Columbia  Veterinary  College,  whom  I  found 
to  have  attended  my  lectures  in  that  city  in  the  winter  of  1872,  and 


INTRODUCTION.  xix 

who  exhibited  the  kindest  interest  in  my  efforts,  not  only  volunteer- 
ing all  the  aid  in  his  power  to  give,  but  securing  for  me  the  aid  of 
two  of  his  colleagues,  DR.  CHAS.  A/  MEYER,  N.  Y.  City,  and  DR. 
JOHN  A.  Me  LAUGHLIN,  then  of  Jersey  City,  N.  J.,  now  of  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.,  both  of  whom  occupied  high  positions  in  the  profession. 
DR.  HAMILL  gave  me  every  aid  in  his  power,  not  only  in  preparing 
the  chapter  on  Shoeing,  for  which  he  was  specially  qualified,  but  in 
other  departments,  and  in  addition,  placed  the  use  of  his  fine  library 
freely  at  my  disposal. 

The  better  to  facilitate  my  work,  I  had  these  gentlemen  dictate 
to  me  the  outlines  of  treatment  required,  in  the  simplest  language 
possible,  with  permission  to  make  any  changes  I  desired.  It  is  but 
just,  also,  to  them,  to  explain  that  the  dictations  by  them  were  in 
all  cases  made  without  premeditation,  the  point  in  view  being  to 
give  me  the  facts  most  clearly  and  in  the  fewest  words.  This  was 
the  more  difficult  for  them  from  the  fact  that  they  were  limited  to 
my  ability  to  take  notes,  as,  on  account  of  the  peculiarly  sensitive 
condition  of  my  health,  I  could  endure  but  very  brief  conversation, 
and  but  thirty  or  forty  minutes'  writing  at  one  time: 

I  was  also  specially  indebted  to  PROF.  E.  A.  Me  LELLAN,  of 
Bridgeport,  Conn.,  who  was  at  the  time  Lecturer  on  Shoeing  and 
Diseases  of  the  Foot  in  Columbia  Veterinary  College,  who  gave  me 
much  valuable  aid  in  that  department.  DR.  B.  C.  Me  BETH,  of 
Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  also  rendered  me  very  important  assistance. 

After  five  large  editions  of  the  book  had  been  published,  and 
meeting  with  the  greatest  favor,  it  was  strongly  urged  upon  me  by 
a  leading  book  publisher,  to  add  a  STOCK  DEPARTMENT  that  would 
in  general  character  correspond  with  the  rest  o*f  the  work  as  it  then 
stood.  In  support  of  his  assertion,  he  stated  that  there  was  not  a 
single  really  practical  or  reliable  work  published  on  the  subject,  and 
that  if  I  would  make  such  a  book,  I  would  not  only  be  sure  of 
a  large  sale,  but  confer  a  substantial  benefit  upon  the  farming  com- 
munity. 

There  had  also  been  from  the  first  repeated  and  urgent  inquir- 
ies by  my  agents  for  such  an  additional  feature,  it  being  given  as  a 
reason  that  while  farmers  were  greatly  interested  in  horses,  and 
needed  the  instructions  given,  they  strongly  desired  also  the  addi- 
tional departments  suggested. 

Influenced  by  these  considerations,  I  was  led  to  consider  the  mat- 
ter seriously.  But  I  found  there  was  no  single  professional  man  in  the 
country,  so  far  as  I  knew,  who  could  write  up  all  the  departments  of 
such  a  work  in  the  practical  manner  I  required,  as  men  even  in  the 
very  first  ranks  of  the  profession  are  only  proficient  in  certain  de- 


xx   ,  INTRODUCTION. 

partments,  necessarily  depending  upon  the  aid  of  standard  authori- 
ties. Then,  there  was  no  one  man  in  the  country  whose  time  could 
be  made  available  for  the  purpose,  even  at  a  high  compensation. 

In  this  emergency,  and  advised  by  veterinary  friends,  I  deter- 
mined upon  the  following  plan,  as  that  giving  promise  of  the  best 
and  most  satisfactory  results  :  First,  to  obtain  all  the  standard  vet- 
erinary authorities  in  the  English  and  European  languages,  espe- 
cially those  in  German  and  French,  embodying  the  highest  and 
most  reliable  authorities  on  the  subjects  treated  ;  next,  the  employ- 
ing of  thoroughly  trained  scholars  capable  of  translating  and  col- 
lecting the  requisite  facts  from  such  authorities,  and  under  my 
special  directions  write  them  out  in  the  plainest  language  for  the 
treatment  of  each  disease  ;  and  the  matter  so  prepared,  on  each  sub- 
ject, to  be  submitted  to  one  or  more  experts  for  each  department, 
with  instructions  to  make  such  changes  and  additions  as  in  their 
judgment  would  be  advisable  to  render  the  matter  of  the  best  prac- 
tical reference.  To  do  this  work  I  employed  three  of  the  best 
scholars  to  be  obtained  in  the  country,  one  of  whom  was  a  regular 
graduate  of  one  of  our  leading  medical  colleges.  This  work  re- 
quired of  itself  nearly  a  year's  time. 

In  the  meantime  I  consulted  special  friends  in  the  veterinary 
profession  to  learn  who  were  the  best  expert  practitioners  to  make 
the  revisions  and  corrections  I  required,  and  was  so  fortunate  as  to 
secure  the  aid  of  the  gentlemen  whose  names  are  here  given,  and 
who  co-operated  with  me  in  the  most  hearty  manner. 

LIST    OF    PROFESSIONAL    EXPERTS. 

JAS.  HAMILL,  D.  V.  S.,  416  E.  Hth  St.  New  York  City,  formerly  Lecturer  on 
Shoeing  and  diseases  of  the  Foot  in  Col.  Vet.  Col.,  Pres't  Nat'l  Vet'y  Med.  Ass'n,  now 
Prof,  of  Oper.  Surg'y  and  Horse  Shoeing,  N.  Y.  Col.  of  Vet.  Sur.  and  Sch.  of  Com.  Med. 

CHAS.    A.    MEYER,*  D.   V.    S.,    Editor  Veterinary  Gazette,  New  York. 

JOHN  A.  MCLAUGHLIN,  D.  V.  S.,  Providence,  R.  I.,  ex-Veterinary  In- 
specter  N.  J.  State  Board  of  Health. 

D.  G.  SUTHERLAND,  V.  S.,  East  Saginaw,  Mich.,  ex-Pres't  Mich.  State 
Vet'y  Ass'n. 

PAUL  PAQUIN,  M.  D.,  V.  S.,  Columbia,  Mo.,  Prof.  Compar.  Med.,  Direct.  Ex- 
per.  Labratory,  State  Vet'y  Inspector,  and  Pres't  Mo.  Ass'n  of  Vet'y  Science  and  Compar. 
Medicine. 

T.  BENT  COTTON,  M.  D.,  V.  S.,  Mt.  Vernon,  O.,  Pres't  Ohio  State  Vet'y 
Ass'n,  Vice-Pres't  Nat'l  Vet'y  Med.  Ass'n. 

DR.  B.  C.  Me  BETH,  Battle  Creek,  Mich.,  Sec'y  Mich.  State  Vet'y  Ass'n,  Hon. 
Mem.  N.  Y.  St.  Acad.  of  Science  and  Com.  Path. 

J.    A.    DELL,   V.    S.,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.,  Pres't  Mich.  State  Vet'y  Ass'n. 

A.   J.   CHANDLER,   V.   S.,  Detroit,- Mich.,  Vice-Pres't  Mich.  State  Vet'y  Ass'n. 

S.    BRENTON,    V.    S.,  Jackson,  Mich.,  Ex-Pres't  Mich.  State  Vet'y  Ass'n. 

WM.   JOPLING,   V.  S.,  Owosso,  Mich.,  Treasurer  Mich.  State  Vet'y  Ass'n. 

A.    I.    ROOT,  Medina,  O.,  author  of  "A  B  C  of  Bee  Culture." 

JOHN    A.    ADAMS,  Horticulturist,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

*  Deceased  while  this  was  being  put  in  type. 


INTRODUCTION.  xxi 

The  following  explanations  I  deem  also  necessary  in  connection 
with  the  reference  to  these  gentlemen  :— 

Dr.  Cotton  was  highly  recommended  to  me  as  a  man  oi  much 
ability  in  the  profession,  by  a  prominent  Eastern  practitioner,  and 
reference  was  made  to  his  position  among  his  confreres  in  the  State, 
as  assurance  of  his  fitness  for  the  work  desired. 

Dr.  Paquin  was  known  to  me  personally  as  a  man  of  much  more 
than  ordinary  attainments,  and  I  made  a  special  request  that  he 
would  take  charge  of  one  or  two  of  the  more  important  depart- 
ments. I  am  especially  indebted  to  him  also  for  translations  from  the 
French  of  analytical  descriptions  of  the  structure  of  the  foot,  he  being 
known  to  me  as  an  exceptionally  fine  French  scholar. 

I  am  also  specially  indebted  to  Dr.  Meyer,  not  only  for  special 
papers,  but  for  translations  from  the  German  on  the  structure  of  the 
foot,  in  which  language  he  was  a  proficient  scholar.  In  this  respect, 
also,  Dr.  Hamill  rendered  me  an  exceptionally  important  service. 
Dr.  Paquin,  my  best  French  scientific  translator,  was  absent  in 
Paris,  engaged  in  special  microscopic  studies,  and  being  unable  to 
find  a  man  competent  to  do  the  work,  I  explained  the  difficulty  to 
Dr.  Hamill,  who  stated  that  he  would  himself  try  to  do  it  for  me, 
and,  to  my  surprise,  I  found  him  remarkably  proficient,  he  being 
able  to  trace  out  readily  every  minute  definition  from  the  original, 
and  adapt  the  explanations  to  the  English,  showing  himself  to 
be  one  of  the  most  thorough  scientific  students  of  the  structure  of 
the  foot  in  the  veterinary  profession. 

Having  personal  acquaintance  with  Dr.  Sutherland,  who  was  at 
the  time  President  of  the  Michigan  State  Veterinary  Association,  it 
occurred  to  me  to  send  him  sample  chapters  of  the  matter  prepared, 
for  his  examination  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Association  at 
Jackson,  and  request  him  to  refer  me  to  those  among  the  members 
of  the  Association  competent  and  willing  to  take  part  in  the  work  ; 
and  through  his  aid,  as  well  as  that  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Associa- 
tion, Dr.  Me  Beth,  who  also  co-operated  with  me  most  cordially,  I 
was  able  to  secure  the  assistance  of  Drs.  Dell,  Chandler,  Brenton, 
and  Jopling,  and  Prof.  Grange,  of  the  Agricultural  College. 

The  matter  was  now  divided  into  sections  and  distributed  to 
each  of  these  experts,  with  freedom  to  make  any  changes  or  addi- 
tions to  the  text  they  might  deem  necessary  to  make  it  most  reli- 
able and  practical  for  reference.  It  was  specially  requested  that 
the  matter  should  be  free  from  needless  technicalities,  and  embody 
the  most  useful  facts  for  the  benefit  of  the  class  of  readers  for  whom 
the  work  was  intended.  With  the  view  of  making  this  work  as 


xxii  INTRODUCTION. 

reliable  as  possible,  special  parts  on  the  more  malignant  diseases 
were  submitted  to  two  or  three  in  succession. 

After  the  copy  thus  distributed  had  been  all  returned  and  put 
in  type,  it  occurred  to  me  that  it  would  be  a  feature  of  special  in- 
terest to  my  readers,  to  have  the  portraits  of  these  professional 
friends  engraved  and  placed  in  the  work  ;  and  I  was  so  fortunate 
(in  some  instances  only  after  considerable  persuasion)  as  to  obtain 
permission  to  do  so  from  those  whose  portraits  are  given  ;  and  I 
take  great  pleasure  in  presenting  them  as  a  good  representation  of 
the  class  of  men  engaged  at  present  in  the  veterinary  profession. 

It  is  proper  in  this  connection  to  state  that  should  there  appear 
any  minor  errors  in  the  text,  the  responsibility  for  them  must  be 
entirely  assumed  by  the  author,  as  it  was  not  possible,  except  at 
great  inconvenience,  after  the  matter  had  been  put  in  type,  to  sub- 
mit proofs  to  the  gentlemen  who  had  aided  me  in  this  work. 

I  may  mention  also  that  I  made  it  a  special  object  to  have 
every  detail  of  the  work  as  fully  and  thoroughly  illustrated  as  I 
could,  as  well  as  to  include  such  features  as  would  be  most  useful  to 
the  farmer.  In  carrying  out  this  purpose  I  inserted  in  the  stock 
department  the  large  number  of  800  figures,  and  in  the  horse  de- 
partment the  still  larger  number  of  950,  among  which  are  eighteen 
elegant  plates.  It  is  only  necessary  to  state  that  there  is  no  work 
heretofore  published  of  this  description  that  has  more  than  a  fourth 
of  this  number,  and  these  usually  of  a  very  indifferent  character, 
while  this  comprises  the  enormous  aggregate,  as  will  be  seen,  of 
1,700,  all  having  special  reference  to  the  text. 

Particular  attention  is  directed  to  the  large  number  of  illustra- 
tions of  parasites  common  to  the  domestic  animals  ;  the  great  vari- 
ety of  figures  illustrating  the  different  diseases  ;  the  diversity  of 
breeds  of  stock,  particularly  dairy  cattle,  sheep,  hogs,  and  poultry. 
Certainly  no  work  yet  published  can  show  any  approach  to  the  large 
number  and  varied  character  of  the  illustrations  in  these  respects. 

Interesting  features  will  also  be  found  in  chapters  on  the  Dog, 
on  Bee-culture,  the  Growth  of  Fruit,  including  Insects  Injurious  to 
Fruit,  and  a  Plea  for  the  Birds,  showing  their  value  to  the  farmer. 

The  chapter  on  Bees,  and  that  on  the  Protection  of  Fruit  and 
Fruit  Trees,  will  be  found  particularly  interesting  and  valuable. 
That  on  Bee-culture  was  prepared  with  special  care,  under  the 
supervision  of  A.  I.  ROOT,  Esq.,  author  of  "  The  A  B  C  of  Bee 
Culture,"  and  the  highest  authority  on  the  subject,  and  includes  the 
largest  number  of  illustrations  for  the  space  occupied,  that  has 
yet  been  given  on  bees. 


INTRODUCTION.  xxiii 

The  chapter  on  Fruit  was  prepared  by  a  leading  horticulturist 
of  large  experience,  MR.  JOHN  A.  ADAMS,  and  will  be  found  of 
great  value  and  importance.  The  large  number  of  fine  and  varied 
illustrations  in  this  chapter,  showing  the  insects  that  injure  and  de- 
stroy fruit,  cannot  but  be  of  great  interest,  and  with  the  text  com- 
prises knowledge  of  the  greatest  value  to  fruit-growers.  I  would 
call  especial-  attention  to  this  chapter,  not  only  as  a  new  feature,  but 
for  the  practical  character  of  its  instructions  and  suggestions. 

The  Plea  for  the  Birds  should  be  read  by  every  person  of  hu- 
mane instincts.  This  paper  is  embodied  mainly  from  an  address  by 
the  famous  and  lamented  REV.  HENRY  WARD  BEECHER.  This  ad- 
dress was  listened  to  by  the  author  years  before  his  death,  and  long 
before  this  work  was  prepared  ;  but  it  struck  him  as  so  beautiful 
and  valuable  in  every  part,  that  he  went  at  once  to  the  stenographer 
and  engaged  him  to  furnish  a  copy  for  his  special  use.  The  addi- 
tion of  this  chapter  was  .in  a  good  degree  owing  to  suggestions  of 
leading  officers  of  the  American  Humane  Society.  This  will  be 
found  one  of  the  most  interesting  features  of  this  work,  because 
most  useful  and  elevating  in  its  influence,  and  being  one  of  the 
finest  pleas  for  the  birds  ever  written,  showing  their  value  to  the 
farmer,  and  the  duty  of  protecting  them.  THE  AUTHOR. 


THE  STANDARD 


HORSE  AND  STOCK  BOOK, 


CHAPTER  I. 


PRELIMINARY    REMARKS. 

ONCE,  while  stopping  with  a 
farmer,  as  a  matter  of  amuse- 
ment I  took  a  colt  that  had 
become  unmanageable  to  him,  and 
made  him  perfectly  gentle.  Upon 
learning  what  I  had  done,  the  farmer 
was  so  surprised  at  the  result  as  to 
offer  me  fifty  dollars  for  the  secret. 
Without  thinking,  I  proposed  teach- 
ing him  and  ten  of  his  neighbors 
how  I  did  it,  in  addition  to  other 
points  that  might  be  of  interest  to 
them.  In  this  I  was  entirely  suc- 
cessful, and  thus  I  was  unintention- 
ally drifted  into  the  most  trying 
and  exacting  field  of  effort  that 
ever  man  engaged  in,  which  con- 
tinued nearly  nineteen  years.  I 
was  necessarily  forced  into  contact 
with  all  sorts  of  people,  who  were 
continually  trying  to  break  me 
down,  and  in  addition  I  had  the 
most  vicious  and  difficult  horses 

forced  upon  me  to  experiment  upon  ;  and  that  I  succeeded  at  all 
seems  to  me  even  now  so  remarkable  as  to  be  beyond  belief.  But 
without  realizing  it,  or  knowing  it  at  the  time,  the  people  who  forced 

[25] 


Fm.  1.—  Ideal  Head  of  an  Intelligent, 
Docile  Character. 


26 


REMARKS. 


me  to  these  trials  were  in  reality  my  best  friends,  because  proving  the 
best  instructors  to  me  in  the  world  ;  and  the  experiments  upon  vicious 
horses  were  just  what  was  necessary  to  give  me  the  best  opportuni- 


FIGS.  2-4.— Extremes  of  Vicious  Character. 

ties  of  observation  and  practice  needed  to  master  the  subject.  Now, 
in  teaching  classes  I  soon  found  it  necessary  to  make  such  explana- 
tions of  points  and  conditions  as  I  could  before  making  experiments  ; 
and  in  like  manner,  before  taking  up  the  details  of  instruction,  I  think 
it  necessary  to  refer  to  such  points  as  will  be  most  suggestive  in  the 
study  of  the  subject.  I  may  state  that  this  is  somewhat  difficult 
here,  because  compelled  to  limit  my  explanations  to  less  than  one 
half  of  what  I  have  been  able  to  devote  to  it  in  my  regular  work  on 
the  horse,  and  also  to  omit  many  chapters  of  much  interest  to  the 
general  reader. 

Many  of  the  lower  animals  possess  some  qualities  by  nature  that 

make  them,  in  some  respects,  re- 
ally superior  to  man.  The  dog, 
for  example,  can  follow  the  track  of 
his  master  through  a  crowd  of 
strangers,  though  hours  behind, 
and  find  him  ;  and  he  will  also 
find  his  way  home,  though  distant 
hundreds  of  miles — a  fact  that  has 
been  repeatedly  proved.  The 
ordinary  sheep-dog  will  at  com- 
mand find  and  bring  home  stray 
sheep  of  the  flock  ;  and  the 
blood-hound  can  perform  the  still 
more  remarkable  feat  of  taking  up 
the  track  of  a  criminal  hours  aft- 
erward, by  the  scent  of  a  bit  of  his 
clothing,  and  pick  him  out  from  hundreds  of  others  who  had  been  his 
companions  —  a  power  that  entitles  even  the  commonest  cur  to  our 
kindest  consideration.  The  eagle  and  vulture,  though  miles  in  the 


FIG.  5.— A  Portrait  of  a  Docile  Family  Horse. 


PRELIMINARY    R'EMARKS. 


FIG.  6. — A  very  Intelligent,  Docile  Character. 


air,  can  see  the  smallest  ob- 
jects of  prey  on  the  ground — a 
power  far  beyond  that  of  man. 
Thus  these  superior  qualities, 
exhibited  so  largely  by  the 
lower  animals,  seem  to  be  a 
special  provision  of  nature  to 
guard  them  from  danger  and 
aggression,  Or  to  aid  them  in 
providing  sustenance. 

Now,  this  singular  power 
of  instinct  appears  to  be  a  very 
strongly  marked  feature  of  the 
horse's  nature.  The  wild  horse 
of  the  prairie  cannot  be  ap- 
proached near  enough  on  the 

windward  side  to  imperil  his  safety  ;  and  even  when  cornered  and 
unable  to  get  away,  his  acts  of  biting,  striking,  or  kicking  are  but 
his  natural  promptings  to  defend  himself.  It  is  also  seen  that  no 
matter  how  wild  a  colt,  when  treated  with  such  kindness  as  to  win 
his  confidence,  he  not  only  will  not  show  fear  of  man,  but  become  a 
pet.  A  good  demonstration  of  this  is  shown  in  the  remarkable  do- 
cility of  the  Arab  horses,  which  are  always  treated  with  the  utmost 
kindness  ;  and  ladies 
who  are  specially  kind 
to  horses,  it  is  known, 
can  approach  them 
anywhere,  and  make 
them  such  pets  that 
they  will  follow,  even 
into  the  house.  Per- 
haps in  no  way  is  this 
peculiar  instinct  more 
strikingly  shown  than 
in  the  repugnance  of 
exceptionally  sensi- 
tive, intelligent  horses 
to  men  who  may  be 
ignorantly  or  thought- 
lessly cruel  to  them. 

Hence  it  is  evident      FlG-  7-— Intelligent,  Courageous,  but  very  Sensitive  Nature. 

that  the  true  ground  of  success  in  the  subjection  and  education  of 


28 


PRELIMINARY    REMARKS. 


FIG.  8.— One  of  the  most  Vicious  Horses 
ever  Subdued  by  the  Author. 


the  horse,  or  in  breaking  up  and 
overcoming  bad  habits  when 
formed,  must  be  in  proportion  to 
the  degree  to  which  the  efforts  can 
be  intelligently  addressed  to  the 
line  of  these  instincts,  holding  pas- 
sive, combating,  or  overcoming 
them  while  addressing  the  under- 
standing, without  exciting  his 
fears  or  resistance  ;  and  it  is  ab- 
solutely imperative  that  in  his 
education  these  conditions  should 
not  be  disregarded. 

Another  point :  a  horse  may  be 
moved  to  intense  excitement  and 
extreme  resistance  by  even  a  mo- 
mentary impression  of  fear,  without  any  contact  with  or  cause  for 
feeling  direct  physical  pain  ;  and  again,  in  like  manner,  when  prop- 
erly treated,  such  fear  may  be  overcome  without  resorting  to  treat- 
ment that  would  cause  the  least  physical  pain  or  injury. 

Another  important  feature  for  consideration  is  the   wonderful 
adaptation  in  the  various  domestic  animals,  not  only  to  the  several 

wants  and  requirements  of 
man,  but  to  the  sections  of 
the  world  in  which  we  find 
them.  Thus,  for  example, 
the  Esquimau  has  not  only  a 
dog,  but  one  peculiarly  fitted 
by  nature  to  his  especial 
wants,  acting  not  only  as  a 
fisherman  and  a  hunter,  but  as 
a  beast  of  burden,  being  in 
fact  the  only  animal  that 
could  live  and  be  of  any  use 
to  him  so  far- north;  A  little 
farther  south,  the  Laplander 
has  the  reindeer,  that  lives 

on  the  moss  peculiar  to  those  regions,  providing  both  sustenance 
and  clothing  for  him,  as  well  as  being  the  very  best  means  of  trav- 
eling over  those  dreary,  frozen  plains.  The  Peruvians  have  the 
llama  for  carrying  burdens  over  the  Andes.  The  Arabs  have  the 
camel  for  their  peculiar  want,  that  of  traveling  over  the  arid,  sandy 


FIG.  9. — Nervous,  Excitable  Horse. 


PRELIMINARY    REMARKS. 


29 


FIG.  10.— A.  Vicious,  Treacherous  Nature. 


desert,  and  so  constituted  as  to  carry  within  himself  a  supply  of  wa- 
ter sufficient  to  last  for  many  days. 

Not  only  do  we   see  here  special  families,  demonstrating  this 

principle  most  strikingly,  but 
such  subdivisions  of  each  as 
adapt  them  more  perfectly  for 
special  uses.  Now  the  horse, 
which  is  by  far  the  most  noble, 
valuable,  and  useful  of  all  the 
domestic  animals,  in  "the  man- 
agement of  which  we  are  spe- 
cially interested,  shows  this  to  a 
wonderful  degree  in  size,  dis- 
position, and  intelligence.  For 
slow,  drudging  work,  we  have 
the  coarse-grained,  patient, 
heavy  cart  or  plow  horse,  while 
for  quick,  long-continued  exer- 
tion, we  have  the  lithe  thoroughbred,  with  the  conformation  of  the 
greyhound,  capable,  if  necessary,  of  running  with  the  fleetness  of 
the  wind.  From  these  extremes  we  have  illimitable  modifications, 
adapting  them  the  more  perfectly  to  the  various  requirements  of 
man.  Now,  it  is  clear  that  the  nervous,  energetic  racer  or  thor- 
oughbred would  be 
entirely  out  of  place 
for  the  cart  or  plow, 
and  the  coarse- 
grained cart  or  plow 
horse  for  the  quick, 
active  exertion  of 
speedy  travel ;  and 
that  to  make  each 
most  useful  he  must 
be  employed  for  such 
work  only  as  nature 
best  fits  him  for. 

Dependent  upon  these  physical  conditions  are  others  that  have 
a  still  more  important  bearing  upon  the  success  of  our  efforts,  be- 
cause they  are  necessarily  more  ob.scure,  and  we  are  compelled  to 
study  them  more  carefully  to  win  success,  namely,  the  intelligence 
and  disposition  of  horses. 

To  illustrate  my  meaning  in  part :    It  is  clear  that  some  horses 


FIG.  11.— Portrait  of  a  Noted  Vicious  Horse. 


30 


PRELIMINARY    REMARKS. 


FIG.  12.— Sullen  Treachery. 


are  very  much  more  intelli- 
gent and  quick  to  compre- 
hend than  others  ;  that  some 
are  by  nature  of  the  most 
perfect  docility,  while  others 
have  a  large  element  of  the 
naturally  vicious,  dangerous 
character.  Here,  then,  we  are 
compelled  to  study  and  learn, 
if  possible,  two  things, — the 
conditions  requisite  for  the 
best  management  of  the  sen- 
sitive, intelligent  nature,  as 
well  as  those  that  are  dull, 
strong,  and  naturally  vicious. 
In  the  first,  we  must  study 
how  to  address  and  win  tlie  understanding  directly,  if  possible,  with- 
out a  ruffle  of  excitement  ;  and  in  the  management  of  the  second, 
we  must  impress  the  intelligence  in  such  a  way  as  to  win  obe- 
dience most  safely  and  easily. 

This  necessarily  requires  the  careful  study  of  the  vital  powers, 
dependent  upon  the  following  conditions  :  First,  the  intelligence,  as 
dependent  upon  the  volume  of  brain  ;  second,  the  physical  strength, 
as  dependent  upon  size   and 
quality  of  bodily    structure  ; 
third,  the  peculiar  phase  and 
degree  of  the  viciousness. 

It  is  evident  that  when  we 
have  large  brain,  dense  text- 
ure of  body,  good  digestion, 
and  large,  deep  chest,  we  have 
indicated,  first,  great  natural 
strength  ;  second,  great  en- 
durance, in  consequence  of 


ability  to  assimilate  food  ; 
third,  capacity  to  oxygen- 
ate the  blood  rapidly,  thus 
giving  great  endurance  for 

long-susta'.ned  effort.     Lack- 

FIG.   13.— Sketch  from  Life  of  the  most  Vicious 
mg   these  conditions  to  any  Mustang  Pony  the  Writer  ever  Saw< 

extent,    even    though    there 

may  be  great  energy  and  pluck,  there  will  be  less  ability  to  resist 

well-sustained  coercive  measures. 


PRELIMINARY    REMARKS. 


31 


FIG.  14.— Sketch  of  a  Vicious  Stallion. 


Now,  dependent  upon 
the  order  of  intelligence 
and  bodily  structure  are 
certain  peculiarities. 
For  example,  a  full  fore- 
head, large,  clear  eyes, 
tending  to  brown  in 
color,  set  well  out  on 
the  head,  eyelids  thin, 
medium  length  from 
eyes  to  ears,  ears  pointed 
and  of  medium  length, 
placed  not  very  wide 
apart  and  high  between 
them,  and  large  nostrils, 

will  most  always  indicate  the  intelligent,  steady,  reliable,  family 
tiorse  ;  while  a  forehead  rather  narrow,  small,  round  eyes,  set  well 
back  in  the  side  of  the  head,  eyelids  heavy,  long  from  eyes  to  ears, 
ears  long  and  flabby,  with  a  tendency  to  throw  them  back  a  little, 
nose  rounding,  and  nostrils  small,  show  the  opposite,  or  a  dull,  sul- 
len, treacherous  nature.  If  the  forehead  be  of  a  medium  or  good 
breadth,  the  eyes  good  size,  clear,  and  setting  well  out,  the  lids 
thin,  short  from  eyes  to  ears,  ears  a  little  longer  than  common,  and 

nostrils  large,  there 
will  be  indicated  intel- 
ligence, activity,  but 
great  sensibility  ;  usu- 
•  ally  termed  the  nerv- 
.ous,  sensitive  horse, 
that  will  not  bear  ex- 
citement. 

From  these  extremes, 
again,  we  have  illimit- 
able modifications,  de- 
pendent upon  condi- 
tions referred  to. 


FIG.  15.— Portrait  of  a  Noted  Vicious  Horse  in  a  Rage. 


Figs.   1,  5,  6,    and    7 


give  the  best  expressions  of  a  naturally  docile,  intelligent  character. 
Figs.  1,  5,  and  6  are  fine  illustrations  of  the  best  types  of  the  gentle 
family  horse.  Fig.  7  is  the  best  type  of  a  sensitive,  but  very  intel- 
ligent horse,  being  a  portrait  of  a  noted  Arabian  horse.  Fig.  9  is  a 
good  type  of  a  very  nervous,  sensitive  character.  Figs.  8,  10,  and  11 


32 


PRINCIPLES    OF    TREATMENT. 


are  modifications  of  the 
dull,  sullen,  treacherous 
type.  Fig.  10  is  a  portrait 
of  a  very  marked  case. 
Fig.  11  is  also  a  portrait 
of  a  very  noted  vicious 
horse.  Fig.  13  is  that 
of  a  mustang  pony,  the 
most  desperate,  reckless 
creature  the  writer  ever 
subjected  to  treatment. 
Fig.  IT  is  a  portrait  of  a 
case  that  up  to  nine 
years  old  had  proved 
utterly  unmanageable, 
but  whose  character  was 
made  so  gentle,  after  an 
hour's  treatment,  that  it  was  afterward  used  as  a  family  horse.  Fig. 
21  is  a  good  illustration  of  the  barnyard  lunkhead.  In  addition 
there  is  seen  to  be  a  large  number  of  illustrations  showing  combina- 
tions and  contrasts  of  character  which  are  deserving  of  careful  study. 
Tfre  size  of  bone,  the  texture  of  bodily  structure,  the  length  and 
color  of  hair,  amount  of  hair  in  mane  or  tail,  the  action  in  moving, 
the  size  and  expression  of 
eye,  the  peculiarity  of  head, 
its  length,  breadth,  etc.,  are 
subjects  requiring  the  most 
constant  and  careful  con- 
sideration in  directing  in- 
telligent treatment. 


FIG.  16.— Naturally  Docile  and  Intelligent. 


Principles  of  Treatment. 


In  the  subjection  and 
education  of  horses,  we 
have  several  natural  diffi- 
culties to  contend  with. 
First :  The  horse  is  much 
stronger  than  man,  and 
just  so  far  as  he  in  any 
way  learns  that  he  can  resist  man's  control,  to  that  degree  will  he 
be  encouraged  and  inclined  to  resist  or  combat  him  :  hence,  an  in- 


FIG.  17.—"  Wild  Pete."    A  Very  Peculiar  and  Inter- 
esting  Case. 


NATURAL    DIFFICULTIES. 


33 


FIG.  18.— Docile,  Intelligent. 


dispensable  condition  of  his  successful  education  is  that  he  must  be 
given  no  opportunity  to  learn  that  he  is  not  in  every  respect  subor- 
dinate to  man  in  physical  power,  until  his 
character  becomes  fixed. 

Second  :  His  methods  of  reasoning  be- 
ing dependent  upon  and  limited  to  the  ob- 
servation and  experience  of  his  senses  of 
seeing,  hearing,  smelling,  and  feeling,  to 
prevent  his  becoming  excited  or  frightened 
at  objects  and  sounds  with  which  he  is 
necessarily  brought  in  contact,  he  must  be 
convinced  in  his  own  way,  through  these 
faculties,  of  their  harmless  and  innocent 
character.  Consequently,  if  he  be  treated 
according  to  these  laws  of  his  nature,  he 
can  be  made  to  do  willingly,  without  fear 
or  resistance,  anything  for  which  he  is  by 
nature  adapted. 

Third  :  The  horse,  being  unable  to  understand  the  meaning 
of  articulated  language,  excepting  so  far  as  words  are  associated 
with  actions,  we  must  address  his  intelligence  on  this  plane  of  his 
reasoning,  because  it  is  only  by  doing  so  that  he  can  be  expected  to 
comprehend  our  wishes  clearly. 

Fourth  :  To  the  degree  that  the  horse  becomes  excited,  fright- 
ened, or  confused,  he  must  necessarily  be,  both  unable  to  under- 
stand what  is  required  to  be 
done,  and  correspondingly 
less  inclined  to  submit  to  re- 
straint in  his  management. 
Hence,  whatever  the  treat- 
ment, it  must  be  of  a  charac- 
ter not  to  confuse-  or  excite 
him,  nor  to  expose  him  to 
such  excessive  fear  as  would 
shock  and  derange  his  nerv- 
ous system. 

Taking  these  conditions  in 
order,  we  see,  for  example, 
that  if  a  horse  learns  to  pull 

away,  break  his  halter,  resist  the  blacksmith  in  shoeing,  or  run 
away,  etc.,  he  will  be  encouraged  to  and  try  to  do  so  afterward 
until  the  habit  becomes  fixed.  On  the  contrary,  when  a  colt  is 


FIG.  19.— A  Noted  Vicious  Horse. 


PRINCIPLES    OF    TREATMENT. 


first  haltered,  no  matter  how  hard  he  may  resist,  if  once  taught  to 
submit,  he  will  not  only  readily  follow  without  restraint,  but  will  do 
so  ever  afterward  ;  or  when  the  feet  are  taken  up  and  handled 

until  the  operation  is  fully  sub- 
mitted to,  or  such  restraint 
brought  upon  him  as  to  com- 

~*~  IJT^Z*  pel  submission>  there  wil1  not 

^X^mK^m    Bk,  only  be  obedience  for  the  time, 

but  all  inclination  to  resist 
will  be  radically  overcome. 

Now,  the  principle  is  the 
same  in  relation  to  other  hab- 
its, or  in  overcoming  vicious- 
ness.  No  matter  how  wild  or 
unmanageable  the  horse  may 
be,  if  he  can  be  so  treated  that 

successful  resistance  becomes 
FIG.  20.— Strong-Willed,  Intelligent  Character.       .  .U1  ,    ,        .        , 

impossible,  and    he    is    shown 

that  he  will  not  be  injured,  there  will  not  only  be  entire  submission 
without  the  use  offeree,  but  if  not  excited  or  abused,  he  will  remain 
permanently  docile. 

But  it  is  imperative  that  there  be  at  no  point  such  an  exposure 
of  weakness  as  would  encourage  resistance  ;  for,  though  the  method 
of  treatment  may  be  in  itself  right, 
if  not  carried  to  the  point  desired, 
the  difficulties  of  the  treatment  will 
necessarily  be  increased  to  a  degree 
liable  to  precipitate  failure.  For 
example,  there. may  be  strength  to 
take  up  a  colt's  foot  ;  but  if  at  any 
point  of  holding  it  it  is  pulled 
away,  and  control  resisted,  he  will 
be  inclined  to  resist  afterward  with 
as  much  energy  as  if  there  had  not 
been  sufficient  power  to  take  it  up 
at  all.  Or,  in  teaching  a  horse  to 
lead  by  the  halter,  if  he  resists  suc- 
cessfully it  will  teach  him  to  resist 
the  efforts  by  pulling  away.  Now, 

the  method  of  pulling  on  the  halter  may  be  all  right,  but  the  point 
of  difficulty  would  be  in  not  having  power  to  carry  it  far  enough. 
Not  only  this,  but  it  is  vital  to  success  to  do  it  properly,  or  in  such 


FIG.  21. — Barnyard  Lunkhead. 


PRINCIPLES    OF    TREATMENT. 


35 


a  way  that  there  would  be  the  least  inclination  to  resistance.  If, 
for  example,  in  taking  up  the  horse's  foot,  by  standing  forward  of 
the  hip,  well  up  near  the  body, 
facing  backward,  one  hand  is 
rested  against  the  hip,  while  at 


FIG.  22.— Docile  Expression. 


FIG.  23.— Docile  Expression. 


the  moment  of  taking  up  the  foot  with  the  other,  there  is  firm  press- 
ure exerted  against  the  hip,  to  throw  the  weight  upon  the  op- 
posite leg,  the  foot  can  be  brought  up  easily,  and  then,  when  sub- 
mitted to,  the  simple  movement  forward  will  bring  it  against  the 
knees  to  be  handled  with  safety  as  desired.  In  leading  by  the 
halter,  if,  instead  of  pulling  straight  ahead,  which  gives  the  horse 
great  advantage  to  resist,  the  operator  stands  opposite  the  shoulder 
and  pulls  sufficiently  hard  to  bring 
the  horse  off  his  feet  a  few  times, 
he  will  soon  follow  unconditionally 
without  the  least  restraint. 

In  a  hundred  different  ways  this 
principle  is  seen  to  be  illustrated  in 
consequence  of  the  horse's  not  being 
sufficiently,  disciplined  to  make  him 
entirely  manageable  in  harness  and 
fearless  when  under  the  tests  of  se- 
vere excitement.  It  is  for  this 
reason  that  horses  that  may  have 
been  driven  for  months,  or  even 
years,  when  managed  with  care,  or 
not  subjected  to  unusual  causes  of 
accident  or  excitement,  are  liable 
at  some  unguarded  moment,  when 


FIG.  24.— Coarse,  Low-bred  Horse. 


36  /'///.vr/y/JES'    OF    TREATMENT. 

exposed  to  some  exceptional  strain,  up  to  which  they  have  not  been 
tested,  to  become  frightened  and  resist  control,  thereby  resulting  in 
constantly  recurring  cases  of  accident,  as  well  as  endangering  the 
spoiling  of  the  horse  ;  which  would  all  have  been  prevented  by  the 
application  and  proper  carrying  out  of  necessary  treatment  in  the 
first  place. 

Second  :  We  see  that  when  an  object  of  fear  or  unusual  sound 
is  brought  suddenly  or  unexpectedly  to  the  horse's  notice,  or  in  con- 
tact with  any  part  of  his  body,  it  is  liable  to  excite  the  most  intense 
fear  and  resistance  ;  whereas,  if  brought  slowly  and  gently  to  his  no- 
tice, letting  him  smell  or  feel  of  it  until  convinced  of  its  harmless- 
ness,  it  can  be  brought  over  and  around  him  without  causing  the 
least  fear  or  attracting  his  attention.  It  makes  no  difference  whether 


FIG.  25.— Vicious.  FIG.  26.— Treacherous. 


it  is  in  driving  to  a  carriage,  letting  the  cross-piece  come  against  the 
quarters,  raising  an  umbrella  behind  him,  the  noise  of  a  steam-engine, 
or  anything  else,  the  principle  is  the  same. 

Third  :  In  relation  to  making  him  understand  the  meaning  of 
special  sounds  or  words  of  command.  If  a  man  were  simply  to  re- 
peat the  word  "Whoa"  to  a  horse,  he  might  do  it  indefinitely  with- 
out his  being  able  to  understand  its  meaning  and  object.  But  if  the 
horse  were  moved  moderately,  and  immediately  after  the  command 
he  were  pulled  upon  hard  enough  to  make  him  stop,  he  would  in  a 
short  time,  when  the  word  is  repeated,  learn  to  stop  to  avoid  being 
hurt.  Or,  in  teaching  him  to  back,  if  after  the  word  is  spoken  the 
reins  be  pulled  upon  sufficiently  to  force  him  back,  he  will,  after  a 
few  repetitions,  learn,  when  the  command  is  given,  to  go  back  freely, 
to  evade  the  restraint  and  pain. 

The  better  to  illustrate  this  I  will  include  here  the  details  of 
teaching  a  few  tricks. 


''    TREATMENT. 


'\<>    teach    a   horse   to   make   a   bow,   first. 
prick  him  lightly  on   the  back  with  a  pin, 
and  repeat  this  until,  in  his  efforts  to  avoir! 
the    annoyance,    he    drops    his    head,    | 
which  (  be    pricking 

until  the  head  is  a^ain  dropped,  v/h< 

at  the  caress  and  give  him  something 
of  which  he  is  fond,  and  continue  to  alter- 
nate in  this  way  with  the  pricking,  car 
ing,  and  rewarding,  until  at  the  least  motion 
of  the  hand  toward  the  back  he  will  drop 
hish 

each  him  to  kick,  simply  prick  him, 
on  the  rump  until  there  is  an  inclination 
to  kick  up,  when,  as  before,  caress  him,  and 
so  repeat  until  the  least  motion  of  the 
hand  toward  the  rump  will  induce  him  to 
kick  up. 

In  teaching  any  kind  or  number  of  tricks, 
the  principle  is  the  same,  the  only  differ- 
ence being  that  instead  of  a  pin,  other 
means  adapted  to  the  requirements  of  the 
case  must  be  used. 

t  one  thing  should  be  taught  at  ir 
time,  and  that  slowly  and  carefully  re- 
peated until  thoroughly  understood.  The 
duller  the  horse,  and  the  more  complicated 
or  difficult  to  the  understanding  the  point 
to  be  taught,  the  less  can  be  safely  at- 
tempted, and  the  more  time  must  neces- 
sarily l>e  taken  ;  while  the  more  intelligent 
the  horse,  and  the  simpler  the  thing  re- 
quired to  be  done,  the  more  can  be  ac- 
complished. And  each  point  thus 
should  be  made  the  foundation  for  the 
next,  until  the  education  is  complete. 

Again,  to  have  prompt  obedience, 
the  same  signal  and  word  given  in 
teaching  the  trick,  or  whatever  is  re- 
quired to  be  done,  must  be  repeated 
.exactly,  even  to  the  tone  and  pitch  of 
the  voice;  otherwise  a  horse  is  liable 


38 


PRINCIPLES    OF    TREATMENT. 


FIGS.  31-36.— Extremes  of 
Low-bred,  Vicious  Character. 


to  become  more  or  less  confused  and  unable 
to  understand  or  obey.  The  principle  is  the 
same  in  teaching  a  horse  to  do  anything  in 
or  out  of  harness  ;  the  point  being  that  such 
means  or  methods  of  treatment  are  to  be 
used  as  will  give  the  necessary  control,  and 
at  the  same  time  convey  to  the  understanding 
in  the  most  direct  manner  the  idea  of  what  is 
desired  to  be  done. 

Now,  the  principle  is  exactly  the  same  in 
both  preventing  and  overcoming  viciousness 
or  bad  habits,  no  'matter  what  their  character 
or  degree  ;  the  only  difference  being  that  in- 
stead of  teaching  a  trick,  or  obedience  in  any 
respect,  we  must  aim  now  to  combat  the  habit 
already  formed,  simply  repeating  until  there  is 
entire  docility  and  submission. 

Again,  in  resorting  to  physical  power,  the 
nearer  we  are  able  to  use  it  so  as  not  to  cause 
pain  nor  excite  the  belligerent  nature  of  the 
horse,  the  better.  If  a  man  were  strong 
enough  to  take  a  fighting  bully  by  the  shoul- 
ders and  shake  him  so  thoroughly  as  to  show 
him  that  he  had  power  to  control  the  fellow  as 
he  pleased,  and  then  treat  him  kindly  and 
convince  him  that  his  intentions  were  good,  it 
would  have  a  better  effect  in  impressing  him 
with  a  sense  of  the  man's  mastery,  and  make 
him  less  inclined  to  resist,  than  if  he  had  ob- 
tained control  of  him  after  a  desperate  struggle 
that  would  heat  his  blood  and  arouse  his  pas- 
sions to  the  point  of  recklessness. 

In  like  manner,  if  we  could  use  power 
directly  upon  a  horse,  so  as  to  restrain  and 
control  him  as  we  wished,  it  would  be  far  more 
effective  than  if  the  effort  were  of  a  character 
to  cause  him  to  become  maddened  and  heated  ; 
or,  if  this  be  impossible,  then  the  reso'rting  to 
such  indirect  measures  of  coercion  as  will  en- 
able us  to  accomplish  this  most  safely  and 
easily. 

Now,  the  treatment  herein  given   does  this 


PRINCIPLES    OF    TREATMENT. 


39 


with  far  more  ease,  directness,  and  success 
than  has  ever  yet  been  accomplished.  It  not 
only  enables  us  to  control  with  the  greatest 
facility,  frequently  in  a  few  minutes,  not  ex- 
ceeding twenty  or  thirty,  horses  that  had  re- 
sisted all  previous  efforts  to  subdue  or  con- 
trol them,  and  become  practically  worthless, 
but  it  gives  the  proper  foundation  for  making 
the  character  safe  and  reliable  afterward,  its 
most  remarkable  feature  being  the  startling 
results  accomplished  in  so  short  a  time,  ap- 
parently changing  the  entire  nature  of  the 
horse  as  if  by  magic. 

This  treatment  is  the  outgrowth  of  the 
practice  of  over  eighteen  years  of  the  most 
constant  and  exacting  experimenting,  and 
has  been  proved,  by  the  results  exhibited,  to 
bring  the  control  and  education  of  horses  as 
nearly  as  possible  to  the  line  of  an  exact 
science,  conclusively  showing  that  when 
horses  become  vicious  or  unmanageable,  it  is 
the  result  of  ignorance  or  bad  management, 
which  the  treatment  herein  given,  if  properly 
applied,  would  have  entirely  prevented. 

I  could  include  a  great  deal  of  other 
treatment,  and  much  of  it  very  good,  but 
wishing  only  to  give  what  is  practical,  I  con- 
fine myself  to  such  treatment  only  as  I  have 
found  in  my  experience  to  be  best. 

Before  taking  up  details,  I  would  state 
that  there  is  no  difficulty  in  making  a  horse, 
even  when  of  a  very  vicious  character,  gentle 
for  a  short  time  ;  but  the  difficulty  is  to  be 
able  to  hold  and  fix  the  character  in  such 
a  way  that  he  will  remain  gentle.  This  may 
be  done  in  quite  a  variety  of  ways.  Any 
method  of  lowering  the  vitality,  such  as  bleed- 
ing, physicking,  preventing  sleep,  depriving 
of  food  or  water,  subjecting  to  intense  pain, 
or,  in  fact,  any  means  whereby  we  can  suc- 
cessfully lower  the  strength,  will  make  a 
horse  gentle.  But  the  difficulty  is  that,  how- 
ever gentle  he  may  be  at  the  time,  when  the 


FIGS.    37-42. —  Modifica- 
tions of  Well-bred  Character. 


PRINCIPLES    OF    TREATMENT. 


FIGS.    43-48.  —  Modifica- 
tions of  Vicious  Character. 


effect  passes  off,  or  the  horse  regains  his 
strength,  there  will  be  so  great  a  tendency  to 
gravitate  back  to  the  former  condition  that 
the  treatment  will  nearly  always  result  in  dis- 
appointment. 

While  it  is  known  that  many  persons  have 
the  power  of  controlling  the  will  of  others,  or 
what  is  termed  psychologizing  them,  and  that 
some  of  the  lower  animals-secure  their  prey  in 
this  manner,  as  exhibited  by  the  snake  in 
charming  birds  and  small  animals,  various  cases 
of  which  I  refer  to  (particularly  in  discussing 
this  subject)  in  my  special  work  on  the  horse, 
the  principle  does  not  seem  to  work  in  the 
control  of  horses  ;  certainly  it  has  not  in  my  ex- 
perience, and  I  have  hundreds  of  times  pro- 
duced results  before  classes  which  seemed  so 
remarkable  to  them  that  they  would  insist  upon 
searching  my  gloves  and  clothes  for  some  scent 
or  odor  which  might  account  to  them  for  the 
effect  produced  ;  and  even  after  this  they  could 
scarcely  realize  that  it  could  be  accomplished 
b^  the  treatment  illustrated  before  them.  I 
have  had  members  of  classes  repeatedly  tell 
me  in  private  that  they  knew  I  must  have  ac- 
quired my  power  by  some  secret  not  revealed 
to  them,  and  be  so  confident  of  this  that  they 
would  offer  me  large  sums  for  it. 

I  necessarily  acquired  a  certain  expert- 
ness,  the  result  of  practice  and  accuracy  of 
judgment  in  applying  treatment,  that  often  en- 
abled results,  in  the  control  of  certain  types  of 
resistance  and  character,  that  seemed  very  re- 
markable. This  was  frequently  shown  in  the 
cases  of  horses  afraid  of  a  blanket,  a  buffalo- 
robe,  or  something  of  the  kind  ;  in  the  control 
of  a  stallion  so  as  to  be  led  up  to  a  mare  and 
then  called  away  ;  the  control  of  a  wild  and 
seemingly  very  dangerous  colt  that  had  been 
proved  very  unmanageable,  so  as  to  drive  en- 
tirely gentle  without  breeching  ;  the  making  of 
a  colt  follow,  or  the  making  of  a  halter-puller 
when  hitched  stand  quietly  without  attempt- 


PRINCIPLES    OF    TREATMENT. 


41 


ing  to  pull.       It  was  no  unusual  thing  for  me  to  do,  when  the  case 
happened  to  be  good,  within  two  or  three  minutes  to  be   able    to 


FIGS.  49-51  —Three  Types  of  Good  Character. 

throw  a  buffalo-robe  as  I  pleased  over  the  head  or  around  the  body 
of  a  horse  that  had  previously  been  quite  seriously  afraid  of  it, 
without  the  horse  caring  much  about  it.  In  the  control  of  a  head- 
strong stallion,  if  a  good  subject,  it  rarely  required  more  than  four 
or  five  minutes  ;.  the  hitching  up  and  driving  gentle  of  such  a  colt  as 
described,  in  six  to  eight  or  ten  minutes  ;  the  making  of  a  halter- 
puller  stand  submissive  under  the  most  severe  excitement  of  being 


FIGS.  52-54.— Coarse,  Low  Character. 

whipped  over  the  head,  or  the  cause  of  the  pulling  thrown  in  his  face, 
without  his  pulling,  in  a  couple  of  minutes. 

Now,  it  is  needless  to  add  that  if  this  treatment  had  been  ap- 
plied roughly  or  improperly,  this  control  could  only  be  obtained  after 
considerable  severe  treatment  that  would  excite  the  horse  greatly, 
thus  acquiring  control  only  at  the  expense  pf  considerable  time 


PRINCIPLES    OF    TREATMENT. 


FIG.  55.— Vicious  Horse  in  a  Rage. 


and  trouble.  This 
rule,  in  fact,  runs 
through  every 
phase  of  the 
treatment,  in  il- 
lustratingits  suc- 
cess and  apply- 
ing it  properly. 

SUGGESTIONS  IN 

RELATION  TO 

PRINCIPLES    O"F 

MANAGEMENT. 

If  we  tie  down 
a  horse's  ear,  or 
grasp  it  with  the 

hand  and  twist  it  a  little,  it  will  be  found  that  a  horse  that  had  been 
very  nervous  to  shoe  will  often  stand  quite  gentle  to  be  shod. 
The  jockey  has  learned  that  he  can  frequently  make  a  bad  kicking 
mare  drive  without  kicking  by  tying  the  tail  down  to  the  cross- 
piece  of  the  shafts  or  forward  to  the  belly-band  of  the  harness,  so 
that  it  cannot  be  raised  ;  because  disabling  the  tail  creates  such  a 
sense  of  helplessness  as  to  counteract  the  inclination  to  kick. 

Sometimes  checking  the  head  high  will  accomplish  the  same 
result.  Putting 
cobbles  or  shot  in 
the  ears  will,  on 
the  same  princi- 
ple, sufficiently 
disconcert  a  balky 
horse  to  make  him 
go  right  along. 
Blindfolding  b  y 
covering  the  eyes 
only  carries  this 
to  a  greater  ex- 
tent, and  will  be 
found  in  rri  o  s  t 
cases  to  make 
quite  a  stubborn 
horse  work  with 
excellent  success.  FIG.  56.— A  Noted  Vicious  Horse. 


PRINCIPLES    OF    TREATMENT.  43 

The  secret  of  the  first  horse-tamer  of  whom  I  have  any  account 
— Dick  Christian  of  England  —  consisted  simply  in  tying  up  the 
fore  leg,  and  then  mounting  and  riding  the  horse  until  submissive. 
The  next  step  in  this  direction  was  disabling  both  fore  legs,  and  thus 
forcing  the  horse  to  lie  down,  which  carried  this  principle  to  a 
greater  degree  of  perfection.  This  was  regarded  a  very  rare  secret, 
and  was  the  basis  of  the  methods  practiced  by  Bull  in  England,  Sul- 
livan in  Mallow,  Ireland,  Denton  Offutt  in  Kentucky,  and  O.  H.  P. 
Fancher  in  Ohio,  who  were  the  first,  most  pretentious,  and  noted, 
before  the  advent  of  Rarey,  who  learned  the  secret  of  Denton  Offutt, 


FIG.  57. — An  Incident  in  the  Driving  of  a  Noted  Runaway  Horse. 

at  the  time  a  resident  of  Georgetown,  Ky.  This  was  the  sole  and 
only  secret  upon  which  were  based  Rarey's  most  extraordinary  pre- 
tensions, and  for  teaching  which  he  made  $100,000  in  England  ;  and 
probably  much  more  than  that  was  paid  in  this  country  for  the  same 
knowledge. 

I  may  add,  by  w-ay  of  explanation,  that  the  control  of  Cruiser 
and  other  noted  cases  in  England  and  France,  upon  which  his  repu- 
tation was  based,  although  it  was  assumed  to  be,  was  not  and  could 
not  have  been  accomplished  by  this  treatment.  Those  interested 
in  a  full  explanation  of  all  the  facts  in  regard  to  it,  will  find  the  de- 
tails in  the  chapter  on  "  Subjection"  in  my  work,  "  Facts  for  Horse- 
Owners." 


44: 


PRINCIPLES    OF    TREATMENT. 


Various  remedies  have  also  been  assumed  to  be  used  for  taming 
horses  under  the  pretense  of  a  great  secret,  or  the  guise  of  fascina- 
tion, on  the  principle  of  using  certain  scents  for  attracting  and  con- 
trolling certain  wild  animals  or  fishes.  These  means  have  about  the 
same  effect  upon  a  horse  as  good  apples,  or  anything  else  of  which 
the  horse  is  naturally  fond.  While  it  is  true  that  horses  may  some- 
times, for  example,  be  strongly  repelled  by  blood  or  the  odor  of  poi- 
sonous snakes,  and  other  dangerous  animals,  and  that  they  are  at- 
tracted and  quieted  by  other  scents,  I  have  found  nothing  of  the 


FIG.  58.— The  Famous  Horse  Jet,  of  Portland,  Me.,  Subdued  by  the  Author  in  Thirty  Minutes. 

kind  that  would  accomplish  satisfactory  results  to  me  in  their  con- 
trol, but  little  more  than  would  be  done  by  good  apples,  or  the 
giving  of  anything  else  of  which  the  horse  is  fond.  Offutt  and 
Fancher,  before  referred  to,  were  the  most  pretentious  in  their  use 
of  such  scents,  the  details  of  which  I  include  in  my  other  work. 

Various  alterations  or  modifications  of  this  method  of  subduing 
horses  were  made  at  different  times  by  different  parties  ;  but  it  was 
not  until  I  was  able  to  bring  into  use  that  here  described  as  the 
First  Method  of  Subjection,  that  the  real  power  and  effect  of 
this  principle  of  treatment  was  practically  brought  out  ;  which 


PRINCIPLES    OF    TREATMENT.  45 

has  been  the  outgrowth  of  a  great  deal  of  practical  experimenting  re- 
quiring over  fifteen  years'  time. 

If  in  wrestling  a  man  could  be  thrown  directly  upon  his  back 
as  fast  as  he  could  get  up,  it  is  evident  a  much  more  effectual  im- 
pression of  his  antagonist's  mastery  could  be  made  than  if  he  were 
permitted  to  carry  on  a  doubtful  struggle  for  half  an  hour,  that  would 
only  occasionally  bring  him  to  his  knees.  The  very  doubtfulness  of 
the  contest  would  stimulate  him  to  the  utmost  resistance  until  ex- 
hausted. But  if  he  could  be  thrown  at  once,  and  as  often  as  he  could 
get  up,  his  courage  and  confidence  would  be  soon  broken  up,  con- 
vincing him  of  the  uselessness  of  continuing  the  struggle;  and  mak- 
ing the  impression  of  mastery  all  that  could  be  desired. 


FIG.  59.— An  Act  of  a  Noted  Vicious  Stallion  Subdued  by  the  Author  in  Less  than  an  Hour. 

Now,  the  effect  upon  a  horse  will  be  the  same.  If  the  control 
can  be  made  direct  and  positive,  throwing  him  on  his  side  as  often  as 
he  can  get  up,  the  confidence  which  stimulates  the  resistance  is 
quickly  broken  up. 

The  method  here  given  as  the  First  Method  of  Subjection,  bears 
exactly  this  relation  to  that  formerly  used.  It  gives  just  the  ad- 
vantage and  power  that  will  enable  any  ordinary  man  to  throw  the 
strongest  horse  as  quickly  and  as  often  as  he  can  get  up  ;  in 
addition,  he  can  hold  him  down  or  roll  him  back,  as  he  pleases, 
thereby  making  it  not  only  far  more  effective,  but  entirely  obviat- 
ing the  objections  to  the  old  method. 


I  have  called  attention  to  these  interesting  facts  :  first,  that  the 
horse   is  governed  in  his  actions  by  certain   instincts   or  inherent 


46  PRINCIPLES    OF    TREATMENT. 

powers,  and  that  these  must  be  studied  closely  as  the  foundation  of 
his  successful  management  ;  next,  tha,  these  constitutional  differences 
are  only  provisions  adapting  him  for  special  uses  ;  and  that  his  charac- 
ter is  clearly  shown  by  the  peculiarities  of  his  bodily  structure,  ac- 
tions, and  more  especially  by  the  features  of  the  head.  This  will  show, 
when  looked  at  carefully,  that  resistance  is  only  the  expression  of 
natural  instinct,  and  that  fear  or  vicious  actions  are  not  to  be  taken 
as  indicating  a  degree  of  bad  character  or  viciousness  that  should 


FIG.  60.— The  Thorough-bred. 

be  considered  an  obstacle  in  making  the  character  good,  simply 
requiring  greater  care  and  thought  in  meeting  and  combating 
the  resistance,  whatever  it  is,  in  the  most  simple,  direct,  and 
humane  manner.  Though  referred  to  before,  it  is  so  important 
that  I  call  attention  to  it  again  here,  that  though  the  treat- 
ment may  be  applied  just  ri'ght,  if  not  carried  far  enough,  the 
failure  may  be  as  great  as  if  improper  treatment  had  been  used  ; 
and  above  all,  that  the  better  nature  is  to  be  won  by  patient,  per- 
sistent kindness.  I  have  called  attention,  next,  to  the  various 
methods  of  treatment  taught  me  by  the  experience  of  many  long 
years  of  observation,  experiment,  and  study,  and  have  tried  faith- 
fully to  make  the  explanations  as  simple  and  olain  as  I  could.  , 


PRINCIPLES    OF    TREATMENT. 

Now,    it    is    indispensable    that    this    chapter,    at 
parts  of  it,  which    are    the    key    and    groundwork   of  the    detailed 


FIG.  61.— A  Good  Model  of  Draught  Horse. 

instructions  in  subsequent  chapters,  should  be  read  very  carefully. 
You  cannot  understand  these  principles  too  well. 


FIG.  62.— Shetland  Pony. 


48' 


¥8?NQ1PL1SS    OF    TREATMENT. 


There  are  also  many  points  having  close  relation  to  this  subject, 
and  of  great  interest  to  the  horseman,  which  want  of  space  in  a  gen- 
eral work  of  this  character  compels  me  to  omit :  First,  the  inside 
history  of  Rarey's  career,  as  a  means  of  correcting  the  false  impres- 
sions created  by  his  pretensions  and  assumed  success,  because  with- 
out it  there  was  necessarily  a  certain  mystery  about  the  performance 
of  this  du.ty  that  could  not  well  be  made  plain  ;  second,  the  details 


FIG.  63.  — Model  of  the  French  Norman  Horse. 

of  the  management  and  history  of  a  large  number  of  specially  repre- 
sentative vicious  horses,  as  suggestive  aids  to  treatment  in  similar 
cases  ;  third,  the  outlines  of  my  experience  with  reference  to  many 
cases  and  circumstances  named,  the  better  to  authenticate  the  facts 
stated.  There  are  also  special  chapters  on  other  points  having 
close  and  important  connection  with  the  instruction  given  on  this 
subject.  All  these  points  are  very  fully  given  in  my  regular  work 
on  the  horse,  which  can  be  referred  to  by  those  interested. 

I  would  now  call  attention  to  what  I  deem  the  most  important 
condition  of  success,  which  should  be  considered,  above  all  others,  as 
deserving  of  the  most  serious  consideration,  namely,  the  judgment 
and  skill  with  which  the  treatment  is  applied. 


Fig.  I. 

The  shoe  properly  formed,  adjusted,  and   nailed   on    the   hoof   of   a   five-year- 
old  horse  that  had  never  been  shod  but  once, 


Fig.  II. 

The  foot  as  it  is  ruined  by  bad  treatment.  The  shoe  and  nails  are  too 
large;  the  nails  too  many  in  number  and  driven  too  deep.  The  shoe  is  set  back 
too  far.  The  hoof  is  rasped  away  so  much  as  to  weaken  it  and  destroy  its  sym- 
metry. 

PLATE   I. 


PL&T1   II. 


PLATE   !L* 


A   front    view    of  the    bones   of  the  fore  feet  of  a  horse 
in  their  relative  position. 

A.  The  pastern  bone. 

B.  The  coronary  bone. 

C.  The  navicular  bone. 

D.  The  foot  bone. 

E.  The  point  of  insertion  of  the  tendon  of  the  extensor  muscle. 

F.  A  concavity  to  give  attachment  to  the  ligament  which  unites  the 
foot  bone  to  the  coronary  bone  at  G. 

G.  Coronary  bone.    . 

H.    A  continuation  of  the  same  concavity,  to   which  the  cartilage  of 

the  foot  bone  is  attached. 
I,  I.    The  upper  and  lower  processes  of  the  foot  bone. 

K,  K.    A  groove  in  the  foot  bone,  which  receives   a   division  of  the 
main  artery,  coming  round  from  behind. 

K,  L.    A  groove  receiving  another  division  of  that  artery,  which  pro- 
ceeds round  the  extreme  edges  of  the  foot  bone. 


*The  plates  here  given  are  selected  from  the  author's  special  book  on  the  horse, 
"Facts  for  Horse  Owners,"  in  which  are  forty  plates.  In  the  extra  edition  these  plates 
are  printed  in  colors. 


PLATE  III. 


PLATE   HI. 

Fig.  I. 

A  back  view  of  the  bones  of  the  fore  foot  in  their  relative 
situation. 

A.  Pastern  bone. 

B.  Coronary  bone. 

C.  Navicular  bone. 

D.  Foot  bone. 

E.  A  cavity  which  in  the  natural  state  is  filled  with  fat. 

F.  The  upper  surface  of  the  navicular  bone,  from  which  two  ligaments 
arise,  and  pass  round  the  lateral  depression  in  the  coronary  bone, 
marked  G. 

G.  Points  of  attachment  on  each  side  of  the  ligament  which  unites  the 
navicular  bone  to  the  foot  bone. 

I.     Two  grooves  in  which  two  main  trunks  of  the  arteries  are  continued 

into  the  foot  bone. 
K.    The  line  of  insertion  of  the  tendon  of  the  flexor  muscle. 

Fig.  II. 

A  view  of  the  anterior  and  inferior  surfaces  of  the  navicu- 
lar bone  detached  from  the  other  bones. 


lig.r 


PLATE  I¥ 


PLATE    IY. 


This  cut  represents  the  third  phalanx  seen  from  its  pos- 
terior part  ;  and  the  navicular  bone,  —  inferior,  superior,  and 
anterior  views. 

Fig,  L 

Posterior  Part  of  the  Third  Phalanx   (ADULT). 

A.  Semi-lunar  crest. 

D.  Basilar  process. 

F.  Superior  border. 

G.  Spreading  out  of  the  articular  face. 

K.  Anterior  view  of  the  pyramidal  eminence. 

M.  Posterior  view  of  the  inferior  face. 

N.  Glenoid  cavity  of  the  superior  face. 

Q.  Portion  of  the  articular  surface  corresponding  to  the  anterior  bor- 
der of  the  navicular  bone. 

R.  Retrossal  process. 

S.  Edge  of  the  plantar  fissure. 

V.  Posterior  border  of  the  third  phalanx. 

X.  Plantar  orifice  for  passage  of  blood  vessels. 

Fig.  II. 

Posterior  Part  of  the  Third  Phalanx    (COLT). 

A.    Semi-lunar  crest. 

D.  Basilar  process. 

F.  Superior  border. 

M.    Posterior  view  of  the  bone. 
R.    Retrossal  process. 
S.    Plantar  fissure. 

Fig.  IIL 

Inferior  Face  of  Navicular* 

C.  Transverse  ridge. 

E.  Anterior  border. 

H.    Extremity  of  the  bone. 

Fig.  IV. 

A.    Median  ridge  or  bulge  of  the  superior  face. 

D.  Anterior  superior  border. 

E.  Anterior  inferior  border. 

G.  Posterior  border  (is  very  thick,  and  cribbled  or  pierced  with  vas- 

cular orifices). 

Fig.    V. 

Anterior  Face  of  Navicular. 

E.    Soft  part  hollowed  under  the  anterior  articular  facet. 
H.    Articular  facet  corresponding  to  the  posterior  facet  of   the  third 
phalanx. 


lifl 


EiglH. 


PLATE   ¥. 


PLATE   ¥« 


This  plate  represents  the  third  phalanx  of  the  colt,  seen 
from  its  lateral,  anterior,  and  inferior  faces. 

Fig.  I. 

Lateral    Face. 

A.  Base  of  the  pyramidal  eminence. 

B.  Vascular  porosities. 

C.  Patilobe  eminence. 
E.     Pre-plantar  fissure. 

D.  Basilar  process. 

K.  Pyramidal  eminence. 
R.    Retrossal  process. 

Fig.  II. 

Anterior  Face. 

A.  Pyramidal  eminence. 

B.  Porosities   and  vascular  imprints 

C.  Patilobe  eminence. 

D.  Basilar,  process. 

E.  Pre-plantar  fissure. 

F.  Superior  border. 
Fig.   III. 

Inferior    Face. 
A.     Semi-lunar  crest. 
H.    Plantar  fissure. 

J.    Imprint  of  the  insertion  of  the  perforans. 
P.    Inferior  face. 
S.    Edge  of  the  plantar  fissure. 


PLATE   YI. 


PLATE  YI. 


This  figure  represents  the  posterior  face  of  the  digital 
region,  flexed  backward  in  a  manner  to  show  in  its  full  ex- 
tent the  inferior  or  plantar  face  of  the  foot. 

The  skin  has  been  lifted  from  above  the  third  phalanx, 
and  the  enveloping  sheaths  of  the  tendons  are  dissected.  The 
velvety  tissue  is  preserved. 

A.  Median    part    of    the    pyramidal    body  (fleshy  frog)   of    plantar 

cushion,  or  sensitive  tissue  of  the  sole. 

B.  Branches  of  the  pyramidal  body. 

C.  Cartilaginous  bulb. 

E.  Angle  of  inflection  of  the  branches  of  the  pyramidal  body. 

F.  Point  or  apex  of  the  fleshy  frog. 

J.    Interval  of  separation  of  the  two  branches  of  the  perforatus. 

L.    Lateral  lacunae  of  the  pyramidal  body. 

M.    Median  lacunae  of   the  pyramidal  body. 

Q,     Q.  Fibrous  sheath  of  union  of  the  two  branches  of  the  perforatus. 

R.  Branches  of  theperforatus  directing  th  emselves  towardtheir  point 
of  insertion  at  the  second  phalanx. 

T.    Tendon  of  the  perforatus. 

T'.  Tendon  of  the  perforans  at  its  passage  between  the  branches  of 
the  perforatus. 

V.     Strengthening  sheath  of  the  plantar  aponeurosis. 

X.  Lateral  bands  of  the  strengthening  sheath  of  the  plantar  aponeu- 
rosis, which  cross  the  direction  of  the  branches  of  the  perfo- 
ratus to  go  and  attach  themselves  on  the  lateral  parts  of  the 
first  phalanx. 


•    PLATE   YII. 


PLATE   YII. 


This  plate  shows  a  longitudinal  section  of  the  digital  re- 
gion in  its  median  plane. 

Its  object  is  to  show  the  spongeous  substance  in  the  in- 
terior of  the  bone,  the  fibrous  intersections  in  the  plantar 
cushion  of  the  articular  and  tendinous  synovial  sheaths,  and 
of  the  plantar  cushion  (or  pad)  in  the  interior  of  the  hoof 
under  the  third  phalanx  and  the  navicular  bone. 

A.  Inferior  part  of  the  pad  (cushion) 

B.  Ligamentous  bands  (filaments)    representing  the  structure   of   the 

fibrous  body  forming  the  plantar  pad. 

C.  Enveloping  fibrous  membrane  of  the  plantar  pad. 

D.  Point  of  insertion  of   the  plantar  pad  to  the  inferior  face  of  the 

bone  of  the  foot. 

E.  Spongeous  substance  of  the  interior  of  the  second  phalanx. 

F.  Articulation  of  the  first  phalanx  with  the  second. 

H.  Branches  of  the  perforatus  at  its  insertion  to  the  lateral  parts  of 
the  second  phalanx,  or  small  pastern  bone. 

I.    Insertion  of  the  plantar  aponeurosis  to  the  semi-lunar  crest. 

K.    Interior  of  the  first  phalanx. 

L.    Section  of  the  perforatus  tendon. 

M.  Transverse  ligament  of  the  yellow  fibrous  tissue  uniting  the  an- 
terior face  of  the  perforans  to  the  posterior  face  of  the  os 
coronae,  etc.  (2d  phalanx). 

K.  Diverticulum  of  the  sheath  of  the  articulation  of  the  foot  between 
the  little  sesamoid  and  the  third  phalanx. 

O.    Little  sesamoidal  sheath. 

P.  Capsule  of  the  articulation  of  the  foot  set  superiorly  against  the 
cul  du  sac  of  the  great  sesamoidal  sheath. 

T.    Perforans  tendon. 

Y.    Metacarpo-phalangial  articulation,  or  fetlock  joint. 


PLATE    YHI 


PLATE   ¥10, 


This  plate  represents  a  transverse  section  of  the  poste- 
rior part  of  the  foot  behind  the  phlanges,  between  the  two 
fibre-cartilages. 

It  shows  the  disposition  of  the  bulbs  of  the  plantar  pad, 
or  cushion,  the  stratified  layers  of  the  pyramidal  body,  the 
hight  of  the  cartilages  of  the  Koof,  and  the  direction  of  the 
bars. 

B.  Bulb  of  the  plantar  pad  (or  cushion). 

C.  Internal  face  of  the  fibro-cartilages,  or  lateral  cartilages. 
C'.  Hight  of  the  hoof. 

D.  Part  of  the  lateral  band  of  the  reinforcing  sheath  of  the  perforans. 

E.  Point   of   junction  of    the  inferior  border    of    the  cartilages  with 

the  substance  of  the  plantar  pad,  or  cushion. 

F.  Longitudinal  depression  of  the  anterior  face  of   the   plantar  pad. 

G.  Stratified  layers  of  the  plantar  pad  in  the  pyramidal  body. 
Z.    Superior  surface  of  the  bars. 

Y.    Thickness,  and  direction  of  the  bars. 


PLATE  IX. 


PLATE   IX. 


Arterial   Vessels. 

The  figure  shows  the  superficial  disposition    of   the    dig- 
ital artery  on  the  lateral  face  of  the  '  phalanges. 

A.  A',  A".    Digital  artery  from  its  emerging  point  above  the  great  ses- 

amoids    to   the    point   where   it   disappears  under    the    plate   of 
cartilages  in  N. 

B.  Anterior   transverse   branch    at  the  metacarpo-phalangial  articula- 

tion., 

C.  Perpendicular  artery. 

D.  Ascending  branch"  of  the  perpendicular  artery. 

E.  Descending  branch  of  the  perpendicular  artery. 

F.  Transverse    branch    forming  with    the    corresponding  one  the  su- 

perficial coronary  circle. 

f.    Descending  ramuscules  in  the  pad  of  the  superficial  coronary  circle, 
f.    Ascending    ramuscules    of    the    podophyllous    tissue,    or    sensitive 

laminae. 

G.  Posterior  transverse  branches  of  the  metacarpo-phalangial  articu- 

lation. 

K.    Artery  of  the  plantar  pad,   or  cushion. 

P.     Circumflex  artery. 

U,  U.  Ascending  terminal  divisions  of  the  digital  artery  ;  they  emerge 
from  the  porosities  of  the  third  phalanx,  and  send  ramifica- 
tions to  the  podophyllous  tissue. 


i-  A 


PLATE  X, 


PLATE   X. 


Arterial   Vessels. 

The  figure  represents  the  superficial  disposition  of  the 
digital  artery  at  the  superior  face  of  the  fiVst  two  phalanges 
and  at  the  inferior  face  of  the  third. 

A,  A'.    Digital  artery  in  its   passage  along  the  phalanges. 
G.    Posterior  transverse  branches    of   the  metacarpo-phalangial  artic- 
ulation. 

H.    Branches  above  one  another  at  intervals. 
K.    Artery  of  the  plantar  pad,  or  cushion. 
L.    Internal  branch  of  the  artery  of  the  plantar  pad. 
P,  P,  P.    Circumflex  artery. 
Y,  Y.    Solar  arteries,  or  arteries  of  plantar  surface. 


FL&T1  XI. 


PLATE   XI. 


Arterial    Vessels. 

The  figure  shows  the  deep  disposition  of  the  digital  ar- 
tery at  the  posterior  face  of  the  first  two  phalanges,  and  in  the 
interior  of  the  third  seen  from  its  inferior  face. 

A,  A'.    Digital  artery. 

C.    Perpendicular  artery  at  its  point  of  origin. 

H.  One  of  the  branches  running  posteriorly,  destined  to  the  per- 
forkns  tendon,  in  which  it  ramifies  itself. 

J.    Deep-seated  branch. 

K.    Point  of  origin  of  the  artery  of  the  plantar  pad. 

M.  Deep  transverse  branch,  completing  behind  the  front  superficial 
coronary  circle. 

S.  Plantar  artery  or  posterior  terminal  branch,  in  the  plantar  fissure, 
and  in  the  semi-lunar  sinus,  where  it  forms  with  its  analogue  the 
semi-lunar  anastomosis. 

V,  V.  Radiated  divisions  of  the  digital  artery  emanating  from  the  con- 
vexity of  the  semi-lunar  anastomosis,  and  following  the  direction 
of  the  descending  canals  of  the  third  phalanx  to  go  and  con- 
tribute to  the  formation  of  the  circumflex  artery  at  the  exterior 
circumference  of  the  notched  border  of  the  bone. 


PLATE  XII. 


PLATE   XII. 


This  figure  represents  the  principle  nerves  of  the  digital 
region. 

The  plantar  nerve  occupies  the  same  situation,  but  the 
divisions  which  emanate  from  it  are  more  numerous  and  more 
anastomotic. 

P.    Plantar  nerve. 

A.  Point   of   emergence  of  the    plantar  nerve  above  the  sesamoids. 

B,  B.    Cartilaginous  branch. 

C,  C.    Cutaneous  branch. 

D.  Digital  artery. 
F\    Bulbous  branch. 

G.    Transverse    branch   behind  the  metacarpo-phalangial  articulation. 

I.    Nerve  of  the  plantar  pad. 

L.  Lateral  band,  or  filamentous  stay,  of  the  proper  tunic  of  the 
plantar  pad.  It  crosses  obliquely  from  backward  forward,  and 
from  upward  downward,  the  direction  of  the  plantar  nerve. 

V.    Digital  vein. 


PL&TE   XIII. 


PLATE   XIII. 


This  figure  represents  on  the  digital  region,  seen  from 
three-fourths  behind,  the  disposition  of  the  plantar  nerve  on 
the  posterior  face  of  the  phalanges  of  the  terminal  divisions 
in  the  interior  of  the  bone  of  the  foot. 

P.  Plantar  nerve. 

A.  Point  of  emergence  of  the  plantar  nerve  above  the  sesamoids. 

B.  Cartilaginous  branch. 

C.  Cutaneous  branch. 

D.  Digital  artery. 

H.     Occasional  divison  destined  to  the  cartilaginous  bulbs. 

I,  I.    Branch  of  the  plantar  pad. 

K.    Transverse  coronary  branch. 

M.    Podophyllous  division. 

O.    Pre-plantar  nerve. 

Q.    Descending  branch  in  the  patilobe  fissure. 

R.  Arterial  ramuscules  accompanying  the  digital  artery  in  the  plan- 
tar fissure. 

V.  Vein  following  sometimes  behind  the  plantar  nerve  in  all  its 
phalangial  course.  This  vessel  does  not  always  exist. 


PLATE   XI¥. 


The  object  of  this  figure  is  to  show  the  disposition  of 
the  capillary  vessels  in  the  tegument  of  the  digital  region  seen 
sidewise. 

A.  A.     Arterial  vessels  of   the  skin. 

B.  B\  Arterial  vessels  of  the  coronary  band,   or  cushion. 

R.     Villosities  of  the  coronary  cushion.     This  vessel  does  not  always 
exist. 

This  figure  represents  the  principal  perioplic  bourrelet, 
the  coronary  groove  and  the  podophyllous  tissue  or  sensitive 
laminae. 

A,  B.    Principal  coronse  (or  cutidura)  with -Hie  villosities  covering  it. 

C.  Superior  border  of  the  coronary  cushion. 

D.  Perioplic  coronary  groove. 

B.  Perioplic  (pad)  covered  with  little  horny  substance. 

F.  Inferior  border  of  the  cushion. 

G.  Podophyllous  tissue,   or  sensitive  laminae. 

H.     Villosities  of  the  inferior  extremity  of  the  podophyllous  laminae. 

E.  Arterial  vessels. 

K.     Small  arterial  branches. 


PLATE  XY 


PLATE   X¥« 


This  figure  represents  the  superior  face  of  the  floor 
of  the  hoof,  formed  by  the  sole  and  the  frog.  The  wall  has 
been  cut  at  the  level  of  the  sole,  in  order  to  show  the  ter- 
mination of  the  horny  leaves  in  the  edge,  or  border  of  the 
sole 

A.  Circular  digital  cavity  at  the  point  of  reunion  of  the  sole  and  the 

wall. 

B.  Superior  border  of  the  frog. 

C.  Termination  of  the  horny  leaves  in  the  edge  of  the  sole. 

D.  Cavity  formed  by  the  superior  face  of  the  frog. 

E.  Ridge  of  the  frog,  or  frog  stay. 

F.  Groove  of  the  superior  face  of  the  frog. 

G.  External  face  of  the  glomes  of  the  frog. 

N.  Keraphyllous  tissue  at  the  internal  face  of  the  bars. 

O.  Cutigeral  cavity  at  the  level  of  the  angles  of  inflection. 

X.  Bottom  of  the  angle  of  inflection. 

Y.  Point  of  termination  of  the  bars  at  the  lateral  parts  of  the  frog. 


K  . 


I  — 


—  G 


~  C 


~  B 


-  H 


PLATE   XVI. 


PLATE    XVI, 


View  of  the  hoof  from  its  inferior  face. 

P.  The  wall. 

S.  The  sole. 

L.  The   frog. 

A.  Line  indicating  the  commissure  of  the  sole  and  the  wall,   known 

as  the  linea  alba,  or  white  line. 

B.  Angle  of  inflection  of  wall  of  the  heels  (buttress). 

C.  Superior  border  of  buttress. 

D.  Region   of   the  heels  of  the  foot  within  the  angle  known  as  seat 

of  corn. 

E.  Inferior  border  of  the  bars, 

F.  External  face  of  the  bars  lining  the  lateral    lacunae    of    the  frog. 

G.  Glomes  of  the  frog,   or  bulbs  of  the  heels. 

H.  Terminal  extremity  of  the  bars  at  the  sides  of  the  frog 

I.  Point  of  the  frog. 

K.  Branches  of  the  frog. 

M.  Regions  of  the  mamellas  of  the  hoof. 

P,  Region  of  the  toe  of  the  hoof. 

Q.  Median  lacuna  of  the  frog. 

U.  Region  of  the  quarters. 


GENERAL    INDEX, 


PART     FIRST. 


Abnormal  presentations,  611. 

Acidity  of  stomach,  534. 

Acute  indigestion,  535. 

Adams,  Dr.,  on  bots,  516. 

Adaptation  in  domestic  animals,  28. 

Adhesive  plaster,  a  good,  572. 

Age,  how  to  tell,  313. 

Ainaurosis,  586. 

Anasarca,  589. 

Ancltylosis  of   bones,  411. 

Arab  horses,  docility  of,  27. 

Arnd  horse,  242. 

Ascaris,  509. 

Ascaris  mystax,  511. 

Ascites,  587. 

Attention  in  care  of  horse,  408. 

Azoturia,  524. 


Back,  teaching  to,  93,  119. 
Back  tendons,  sprain  of,  549. 
Bad  to  bridle,  181. 
Bad  to  shoe,  209. 

Confirmed  in  the  habit,  215. 

Instances  of,  213. 

Will  not  stand,  201 
Balking,  193. 

Double,  202. 

Illustrations  of,  206. 

Medicine,    196. 

Regular  treatment,   198. 

Restless,  199. 

Best  treatment,  205. 

Starting  the  balker,  196. 
Balls,  giving,  621. 
Bellows  Falls  horse,  220. 
Belly,  dropsy  of,  587. 
Biting  while  grooming,  181. 
Bit,  "  W,"  or  breaking,  88. 

Four-ring,  94,  175. 

Half-moon,  97. 

Spoon,  98. 
Bitting,  111. 

Bitting  rig  in  training  mouth,  110. 
Bleeding,  626. 
Blind   Billy,  275. 
Blinders,  255. 

A  cause  of  injury,  256. 

When  to  use,  1*23. 

Representative  cases,  258. 
Blistering  for  spavin,  419. 
Blisters,  613. 


Blood,  circulation  of,  401. 
Bloody  urine,  519. 
Bog  spavins,  428. 
Bone,  anchylosis  of,  411. 

Caries  of,  412. 
'  Necrosis  of,  413. 
Bones  of  the  feet,  331. 
Bonner,  Robert,  eulogy  on,  330. 
Bony  enlargement,  414. 
Bots,  513. 

Bowels,  inflammation  of,  502. 
Breaking  a  horse  to  lead,  101. 

Halter-pullers,  101. 
Breaking  bit,  88,  191. 
Breaking  down,  554. 

In  breaking  balkers,  105. 
Breeding,  296. 

Care  of  the  mare,  298. 
Bridle,  war,  81,  107. 

First  form,  81. 

Details  of  its  application,  82. 

Second  form,  84. 

Double  draw  hitch  form,  85. 

Secret  of  using,  87. 
Bridle,  patent,  99,  189,  206,  225. 
Broken  knees,  562. 
Broken  wind,  466. 
Bronchitis,  478,  492. 
Bronchocele,  471. 
Brookville  horse,  150. 
Bruises,  548. 
Bruise  of  the  sole,  540. 

Of  the  cheeks,  575. 
Burrs,  use  of,  254. 

Calks,  540. 

Serious  case  of,  542. 
Canker,  547. 
Capped  hock,  430. 
Care  of  mare  in  breeding,  298. 

In  going  round  a  horse,  239. 
Carelessness  in  shoeing,  results  of,  536. 
Caries  of  bone,  412. 

Of  tooth,  322. 

Carrots,  a  good  laxative,  308. 
Cast  in  stall,  272. 
Castration,  608. 
Cataract,  586. 
Catarrh,  453. 
Cathartics,  625. 
Catarrhal  fever,  473. 

(1117) 


1118 


GENERAL    INDEX:    PART    FIRST. 


Causes  of  injury,  382. 

Caustics,  630. 

Character  spoiled  by  rough  treatment,  234. 

Check,  overdraw,  173. 

Checking  and  blinders,  246. 

Cruelty  of,  246. 

Illustrative  cases,  252. 
Cheeks,  cuts  or  bruises  on,  575. 
Chronic  cough,  464. 

Founder,  449. 

Rheumatism,  630. 
Circulation  of  blood.  401. 
Cleveland  horse,  149. 
Clicking,  379. 
Clinching  down  nails,  347. 
Colic,  493. 

Spasmodic,  495. 

Flatulent,  498. 
Collar  galls,  605. 
Colt,  hitching  the,  128. 
Colt  training,  106. 
Congestion  of  lungs,  476,  4SO. 
Constipation,  508. 
Contraction,  its  cure,  351. 
Cooking  food,  309. 
Cord  used  for  war  bridle,  82, 
Corns,  369. 
Cough,  chronic,  464. 
Counter-irritants,  613. 
Cow,  to  lead  a,  easily,  274. 
Cracked  heels,  597,  599. 
Crack,  quarter,  365. 
Crescent  shoes,  390. 
Cribbing,  how  to  break  the  habit,  266. 

Gross's  device  for,  267. 

Throat-strap  for  same,  267. 

French  method  of,  269. 
Cropping  and  docking,  247. 
Curb,  427. 

Cuts  or  wounds,  568. 
Cuts  on  cheeks,  575. 
Cystitis,  518. 


Dexter,  routine  of  care  of,  310. 

Diabetes,  517. 

Diaphragm,  spasmodic  action  of,  531. 

Diarrhea,  506. 

Dick  Christian,  secret  of,  43. 

Diseases  and  their  treatment,  401. 

Diseases  of  the  bones,  411. 

Eye,  579. 

Feet,  536. 

Lungs,  476. 

Nervous  system,  520. 

Skin,  592. 

Dislocation  of  patella,  566. 
Diuresis,  517. 

Division  of  the  tendons,  606. 
Docking,  247. 
Double  balking,  202. 
Driving  in  harness,  118. 

Without  reins,  285. 
Driving  nails,  methods  of,  345. 
Dropsy  of  belly,  587. 


Elbow,  tumor  on,  604. 

Embrocations,  628. 

English  m'ethod  of  driving  nails,  345, 

Enlargement,  bony,  414. 

Epizootic,  473. 

Equestrianism,  286. 

Beneficial  to  health,  293. 
Excessive  fear,  its  effects,  130. 
Exostosis,  414. 
Eye,  diseases  of,  579.     - 

Inflammation  of,  581. 

False  ring-bone,  426. 
Farcy,  459. 
Fear,  130. 

Of  rattle  of  wagon,  135. 

Top  carriage,  136. 

Threshing-machine,  138. 

Robe,  139. 

Umbrella  or  parasol,  141. 

Sound  of  a  gun,  141. 

Objects  while  riding  or  driving,  13S. 

Hogs  and  dogs,  142. 

Railroad  cars,  142. 

Jumping  out  of  shafts,  136. 

Insanity,  143. 
Feeding  and  watering,  307. 

Effects  of  overfeeding,  307. 

Mr.  Bonner's  system  of,  310. 
Feet,  298. 

Bones  of,  330. 

Kind  of  in  good  breeders,  29S. 
Fetlock,  sprain  of,  555. 
Filaria,  510. 
Firing,  420. 

Pyro-puncturing  process.  42-3. 
First  method  of  subjection,  52. 
Fissure  in  the  toe,  369. 
Fistula  of  withers,  575. 
Flatulent  colic,  498. 
Fleming  on  paring  and  rasping,  3S5. 
Foaling,  611. 
Follow  by  the  whip,  275. 
Fomentations,  hot,  616. 
Food,  cooking  the,  309. 
Foot,  the,  536. 

Accidents  and  injuries  of,  536. 

Lameness,  538. 
Foot-strap,  101. 
Founder,  441. 

Foundered  horses,  shoeing,  381. 
Four-ring  bit,  175,  188. 
Fractures,  565. 
Frog-pressure,  352. 

Gadfly,  513. 

Galls,  collar  and  saddle,  605. 

Gallupville  horse,  164. 

Gamgee,  Prof.,  on  quittor,  544. 

Getting  cast  in  stall,  272. 

Glanders  and  farcy,  459. 

Glass-eye,  586. 

Glass,  stepping  on,  536. 

Gross's  device  for  curing  cribbing,  267. 


GENERAL    INDEX:    PART    FIRST. 


1119 


Graveling,  539. 

Grease  600. 

Great  Barrington  balking  case,,  206. 

Half-moon  bit,  97,  186. 
Haltering,  simple  way  of,  115. 
Halter-pulling,  101,  222. 

Instances  of,  224. 
Hamill,  Prof.,  on  tip  shoeing,  3.35. 
Harnessing,  kicking  while,  179. 
Headstrong  stallions,  treatment  for,  235. 
Heaves,  466. 
Heels,  opening  the,  360. 

Weak,  374. 
Hen  lice,  595. 
Herman  horse,  234. 
Herpes,  597. 
Hetrick  horse,  149. 
High  checking,  248. 
Hind  feet,  to  shoe,  348. 
Hip  lameness,  559. 
Hip  strap,  174. 
Hitching  a  colt,  128. 

To  wagon,  121. 

To  stand  without,  231. 
Hives,  593. 
Hoof-ointment,  600. 
Horseback  riding,  286. 
Horse  distemper,  457. 
Hot  fomentations,  616. 
Hydrothorax,  490. 

Idiopathic  tetanus,  529. 
Indiana  stallion,  148. 
Indigestion,  534. 

Acute,  535. 
Inflammation  of  bowels,  502. 

Bladder,  518.    ' 

Brain,  520. 

Eyes,  581. 

Feet,  536. 

Kidneys,  516. 

Lungs,  483. 

Os  pedis,  452. 

Veins,  590. 
Influenza,  473. 
Injury,  special  causes  of,  382. 
Injuries  to  the  tongue,  574. 
Insanity,  143. 
Interfering,  378. 

Jennings,  Dr.,  on  caries  of  teeth,  463. 
Jumping  out  of  shafts,  136. 
Over  fences,  273. 

Kickers  in  stall,  176. 

Switching,  170. 

Runaway,  124. 
Kicking,.  148. 

Common  causes  of,  151. 

Cows,  273. 

Illustrative  cases,  148. 

In  stall,  271. 

While  harnessing,. 179. 


Kicking-straps,  171. 
Kiss,  teaching  to,  279. 
Knees,  broken,  562. 
Knuckling  over,  561. 

Ladies  riding,  293. 

Lameness,  navicular-joint,  432,  556. 

Foot,  538. 

Hip,  559. 

Shoulder,  556. 

Stifle-joint,  567. 
Laminitis,  441. 

Dr.  Meyer's  treatment  of,  446. 

Dr.  Shepard's,  447. 

Dr.  Hamill's,  448. 
Lampas,  591. 
Lancaster  horse,  150. 
Laryngitis,  455. 

Lead,  breaking  a  horse  to,  101. 
Lead  a  cow  easily,  to,  274. 
Leaning  over,  221. 
Leveling  feet  for  shoeing,  339. 
Lie  down,  teaching  to,  279. 
Liniments,  629. 
Lock-jaw,  528. 
Lowering  vitality,  39. 
Lugging,  190. 
Lumbricoides,  512. 
Lungs,  congestion  of,  480. 
Lymphangitis,  532. 

Mad  staggers,  520. 

Maine  man's  method  with  balkers,  197. 

MaUenders,  605. 

Mammitis,  Appendix,  472. 

Mange,  593. 

Mansfield  mare,  149. 

Mare,  care  of  in  breeding,  298. 

Me  Beth,  Dr.,  on  spinal  meningitis,  525. 

Me  Bride,  Prof.,  on  check-rein,  254. 

McLellan,  Prof.,  on  tip  shoeing,  337, 

Megrims,  522. 

Meningitis,  spinal,  524. 

Metastasis,  520. 

Methods  of  subjection.     First,  52. 

Second,  61. 

Third,  71. 

"Monday  morning  leg,"  532. 
Mouth,  training  of,  110. 

Controlling,  183. 

Sore,  575. 

Mud  fever  or  scratches,  597. 
Mule,  treatment  of,  263. 

For  saddle  gall,  265. 

bailing,  343. 

Clinching  down,  347. 
Nails,  driving  in  deep,  536. 
Nails,  stepping  on,  536. 
Nasal  gleet,  471. 

Navicular-joint  lameness,  432,  556. 
Necrosis  of  bone,  413. 
Neglect  of  horses  when  hitched,  261. 
Nervous  system,  diseases  of,  520. 


1120 


GENERAL    INDEX:    PART    FIRST. 


Nettle  rash,  593. 
Norwalk  horse,  150. 

Objects,  fear  of,  138. 
Objections  in  stabling,  302. 
Ointments,  572. 

Hoof,  600. 
Opening  the  heels,  360. 

Quarters,  Roberge's  method,  362. 
Open  joint,  562. 
Ophthalmia,  581. 

Specific  or  periodic,  583. 
Osmer  on  shoeing,  387. 
Overdraw  check,  173. 
Overloading,  207. 
Overreaching,  379,  543. 
Oxyures,  510. 

I*ainesville  horse,  192. 
Paralysis,  527. 

Partial,  524. 
Parasites,  509. 
Paring  foot,  evils  of,  390. 
Parturition,  611. 
Patella,  dislocation  of,  566. 
Patent  bridle,  99,  189,  206,  225. 
Pawing  in  staU,  271. 
Peditis,  452. 

Penis,  injuries  and  diseases  of,  610. 
Pennington  horse,  235. 
Perforans  tendon,  strain  of,  556. 
Performing  blind  horse,  284. 
Peritonitis,  533. 
Phlebitis,  590. 
Phlebotomy,  626. 
Phrenitis,  520. 

Physical  power,  resorting  to,  38. 
Physicking,  623. 
Pink-eye,  475. 

Plaster,  a  good  adhesive,  572. 
Pleurisy,  476,  486. 
Pneumonia,  483. 

Typhoid,  491. 
Poling  a  horse,  117. 
Poll-evil,  578. 
Poultices,  618. 
Prairie  hay  as  food,  307. 
Prescriptions  and  recipes,  635. 
Presentations,  abnormal,  611. 
Pricking  in  shoeing,  349,  536. 
Princess,  her  feet,  329. 
Principles  of  treatment,  32. 
Profuse  staling,  517. 
Putney  horse,  149. 
Pulling  upon  one  rein,  190. 
Pulse,  the,  619. 
Pyro-puncturing  process,  423. 

Qualities  for  management  of  horse,  49. 
Quarter-crack,  365. 
Quittor,  543. 

Railway  cars,  fear  of,  142. 
Recipes  and  prescriptions,  635. 


Ravenna  colt,  150.      . 
Reins,  driving  without,  2S5. 
Retention  of  urine,  519. 
Rheumatism,  630. 

Acute,  632. 

Chronic,  633. 
Riding  horseback,  286. 
Rigs  for  throwing,  52. 
Ring-bone,  425. 

False,  426. 
Ring-worm,  596. 

Vesicular,  597. 
Roaring,  469. 
Robe,  fear  of,  139. 
Roberts  horse,  233. 
Rolling  motion  shoe,  364. 
Rowels,  628. 
Rucking,  349. 
Running  away,  183. 
Running  back  in  stall,  230. 


Saddle  and  collar  galls,  605. 
Saddle  gall  in  mules,  265. 
Sallenders,  604. 
Sand-crack,  369. 
Scratches,  597,  599. 
Secret  of  Dick  Christian,  43. 
Seedy  toe,  539. 
Setons,  627. 

Shafts,  jumping  out  of,  136. 
Sheath,  foulness  of,  610. 
Shoe,  the  rolling  motion,  364. 
Shoeing,  329. 

Foundered  horses,  381. 
Hind  feet,  348. 
Nailing,  343. 

Pricking  and  rucking,  349. 
Tips  or  thin  shoes,  334. 
Trimming,  338. 
Shoulder  galls,  605. 
Lameness,  556. 
Tumor  on,  602. 
Side-bone,  or  false  ring-bone,  426. 
Sinuses,  570. 
Skin,  diseases  of,  592. 

Ointment  for,  600. 
Skull,  injuries  to,  520. 
Sleepy  staggers,  520. 
Sole,  bruises  of,  540. 
Sore  throat,  455. 
Sore  mouth,  575. 
Spasmodic  colic,  495. 
Spasmodic  action  of  the  diaphragm,  531. 
Spavin,  417. 

Bog,  428. 
Special  causes  of  injury,  382. 
Spinal  meningitis,  524. 
Splent,  or  splint,  415. 
Spoiled  by  fright,  132. 
Spoon  bit,  different  forms  of,  186. 
Sprains,  bruises,  etc.,  548. 
Sprains  of  back  tendons,  549. 
Of  fetlock,  555. 
Of  perforans  tendon,  556. 


GENERAL    INDEX:    PART   FIRST. 


1121 


Stabliug,  301. 

Stables,  ventilation  of,  303. 

Staling,  profuse,  517. 

Staggers,  520. 

Stallions,  232. 

Fred  Arnd  horse,  242. 

Indiana  staUion,  148. 

Jet,  239. 

Herman  horse,  234. 

Lancaster  horse,  150. 

Roberts  horse,  233. 

Treatment  for  headstrong,  235. 
Standing  without  hitching,  231. 
Starting  the  balker,  196. 
Stepping  on  nails,  glass,  etc.,  536. 
Stifle,  566. 

Stifle-joint  lameness,  567. 
Stomach,  the,  534. 

Acidity  of,  534. 
Strangles,  457. 
Strin'ghalt,  530.. 
Strongyli,  510. 
Stumbling,  381. 
Subjection,  first  method,  52. 

Natures  that  will  not  bear  it,  60. 

Instructions  for  throwing,  55. 

Second  method,  61. 

Third  method,  71. 
Submission,  signs  of,  75. 
Sun-stroke,  523. 
Superpurgation,  506. 
Surfeit,  592. 
Sutures,  571. 
Sweeney,  558. 
Swelled  legs,  589. 
Switching  kickers,  170. 

Synovial    membrane,    danger   of   cutting   in 
throwing,  101. 

Tape-worm,  510. 

Teaching  a  sullen  colt  to  lead,  126. 

To  follow  by  the  whip,  275. 

To  lead  with  the  whip,  128. 

To  lie  down,  279. 

To  stop  instantly,  92. 

To  teU  his  age,  277. 
Teeth,  the,  313. 

Telling  the  age  by,  313. 
Tender-bitted,  273. 
Tendons,  back,  sprain  of,  549. 

Division  of,  606. 
Tenotomy,  605,  606. 
Tent,  dressing  with,  569. 
Teres  lumbrici,  509. 
Tetanus,  528. 

Idiopathic,  529. 

Traumatic,  529. 

Throat-strap  to  cure  cribbing,  267. 
Thorough-pin,  428. 
Thrombus,  591. 
Throwing,  rigs  for,  52. 

Instructions  for,  55. 

Danger  in  throwing  forcibly,  101. 
Thrush,  546. 
Thumps,  531. 


Tips  or  thin  shoes,  334. 

Toe,  fissure  in,  369. 

Tommy,  the  throwing  pony,  283. 

Tongue,  injuries  to,  574. 

Tracheotomy,  628. 

Training  with  .common  halter,  107. 

To  lead  with  whip,  128. 

To  handle  the  feet,  108. 

The  mouth,  110. 
Treads,  540. 
Treatment  for  very  vicious  horses,  219. 

For  very  vicious  stallions,  237. 

For  headstrong  stallions,  235. 
Tricks,  teaching,  275. 
Trichocephalus  dispar,  510. 
Trimming  for  shoeing,  338. 
Trocar  and  canula,  501. 
Tumor  on  shoulder,  602. 

On  point  of  elbow,  604. 
Tympanites,  498. 
Typhoid  pneumonia,  491. 

Umbrella,  fear  of,  141. 
Upper  jaw  bit,  94. 
Urine,  bloody,  519. 

Retention  of,  519. 
Urticaria,  593. 

Veins,  inflammation  of,  590. 
Ventilation  of  stables,  303. 
Vertigo,  522. 
Vesicular  ring-worm,  597. 
Very  vicious  horses,  treatment  of,  219,   235, 
237.  i 

War  bridle,  81. 

Details  of  its  application,  82. 

Double  draw  hitch  form,  85. 

In  colt  training,  107,  118. 

In  treatment  of  kickers,  176. 

Secret  of  using,  87. 

With  breaking  rig,  105. 
Watering,  311. 
Water  in  the  chest,  490. 
Weak  heels,  374. 
Weed,  532. 

Whip,  kind  of  to  use,  229. 
Wild  Pete,  144. 
Will  not  back,  190. 
Will  not  stand,  201. 
Wind-broken,  466. 
Wind-sucking,  269. 
Wind-galls,  430. 
Withers,  fistula  of,  575. 
"  W,"  or  breaking-bit,  88. 

Point  of  its  use,  92. 
Worms,  509. 

Symptoms  of,  510. 
Wounds,  568. 
Incised,  569. 
Punctured,  571. 

Yard,  foulness  of,  610. 
Yoautt  on  colic,  497. 


1122 


GENERAL   INDEX:     PART  SECOND 

PART   SECOND. 


Abdominal  hernia,  789. 
Abortion  in  cattle,  836. 

In  sheep,  929. 
Abscess  of  lungs,  763. 

In  swine,  968. 

Section  of,  763. 
Acute  dysentery,  785. 
Aerator,  milk,  693. 
After-pains  in  ewes,  929. 
Afghan  fat-tailed  sheep,  868,  873. 
African  beef-eater,  1108. 
After-birth  retained,  824. 
Albuminuria,  795. 
Albuminoids  in  food,  656. 
Alsace  nose-ring,  applied,  851. 
American  procris,  1104. 
Ana?mia  in  cattle,  741. 

In  sheep,  899. 

In  swine,  969. 
Angina,  939. 
Anthrax  in  cattle,  732,  734. 

In  sheep,  906. 

In  swine,  936,  938. 
Ant-thrush,  short-tailed,  1112. 
Aphtha,  epizootic,  737. 
Apiary  of  A.  I.  Root,  1067. 

Cogswell,  1068. 

Kice,  1070. 

Phelps,  1071. 
Apoplexy  in  cattle,  801. 

In  swine,  961. 

Splenic,  736. 

Parturient,  832. 
Apple-tree  borer,  1097. 
Apple-trees,  insects  injurious  to,  1096. 
Approach-grafting,  1094. 
Argali,  878,  879. 
Arteries  of  stomach,  771. 
Ascaris  mystax,  1060. 
Ascites,  899. 
Aseels,  997. 

Asthenic  hsematuria.  746. 
Asthma,  766. 
Aubrace  sheep,  876,  878. 
Augeron  hog,  966. 
Auscultation,  752. 
Ayrshire  bull,  649. 

Heifer,  688. 

Bacteridien,  732. 

Bandage,  many-tailed,  859. 

Bandaging  udder,  740. 

Bark-louse,  1103. 

Barns,  dairy,  673. 

Barrel  churn,  horizontal,  701. 

Bee-culture,  1065. 

,  physiology  of,  1070. 

Three  orders  of,  1066. 

Formation  of  eggs,  1071. 

Pasturage,  1077. 

Preparing  for  winter,  1082. 

Hives,  1080. 


Beecher,  Rev.  H.  W.,  eloquent  sermon  in 

behalf  of  birds,  1109. 
Beef-eater,  African,  1108. 
Beetle,  flea,  1104. 

Eose,  1104; 
Bird-louse,  1063. 
Birds,  a  plea  for  the,  1107. 
Black  tongue,  734. 
Blain,  734. 

Blanchard  churn,  701. 
Bladder,  inflammation  of,  897. 

Protrusion  of,  800. 

Stone  in,  897. 
Blood,  diseases  of,  899. 
Bloodhound,  1047. 
Blood-striking,  906. 
Blood-sucker,  1063. 
Bloody  murrain,  732. 
Bloody  round-worm,  1059. 
Bloody  urine  in  cattle,  796. 

In  sheep,  901. 
Blue-bottle  fly,  912. 
Blue  disease,  *945.  . 
Bodkin-tailed  round-worm,  1059. 
Bordered  round-worm,  lOoS. 
Bowels,  inflammation  of,  1055. 
Brahma  fowls,  990. 
Braxy  water,  901. 
Breeders  in  sheep,  selection  of,  886. 
Bronchitis  in  cattle,  759. , 

Verminous,  812. 

In  sheep,  894. 

In  poultry,  1020. 
Budding  fruit,  1090. 
Buffalo,  cross  with  American  cattle,  660. 
Bullard's  oscillating  chum,  701. 
Bull-dog,  1045. 

"  Bull-dogs"  applied  to  nose,  776. 
Bumble-foot,  1021. 
Butter-making,  686. 

Jars,  705. 

Marketing,  704. 

Working,  701. 

Salting,  703. 

Workers,  703. 

Cachexia,  899. 
Calculus,  897. 
Calf-louse,  812. 
Calves,  raising,  662. 

Feeding,  666. 

Treatment  of,  841. 
Calving,  662. 

Time  of,  664. 

Treatment  in,  664. 
Cancerous  ulcers,  748. 
Canker  of  foot,  931. 
Canker  worms  in  fruit,  1100. 
Canula,  application  of,  765. 
Caponizing  fowls,  1029. 
Caseine  in  relation  lo  butter,  654. 

Precipitation  of,  681. 


GENERAL   INDEX:     PART  SECOND 


1123 


Cashmere  goat,  869,  874. 
Castration,  930. 
Catarrh,  in  cattle,  753. 

In  sheep,  893. 

In  swine,  954,  961. 

In  poultry,  1021. 
Catheter,  794. 
Cattle,  breeds  of,  648. 

Diseases  of,  721. 
Cat-flea,  1063. 
Charblais  bull,  684. 

Cow,  687. 
Charbon,  in  cattle,  732 

In  sheep,  906. 

In  swine,  i)36. 
Charbonous  fever,  732. 
Cholera.  1022. 

So-called,  944. 
Cheese-making,  706. 

Presses,  713. 

Hoops,  714. 

Factories,  715. 
Chester  white  pig,  958. 
Chicken-coops,  1005. 
Chiff-chaff,  1107. 
Chigger,  1063. 
Chinese  hog,  941. 
Chlorine  gas,  apparatus  for  generating,  861. 

For  preparing,  862. 
Choking,  778. 
Chronic  dyspepsia,  783. 
Churning,  697. 
Churns,  698,  699,  700,  701. 
Clamp,  wooden,  789. 

Iron,  789. 
Cleanliness,  859. 
Cleft-grafting,  1094. 
Clover,  668. 
Cochin  fowls,  989. 
Codling-moths,  1101. 
Ccenurus  of  sheep,  916,  917. 

Cerebralis,  900. 
Colds  and  cough,  962. 
Colic,  841. 
Constipation,  in  sheep,  895. 

In  swine,  962. 

In  dogs,  1055. 
Consumption  in  cattle,  748. 

In  poultry,  1022. 
Contagious  enteric  fever,  729. 
Cooley's  creamer,  695. 
Cotswold  sheep,  876,  877. 
Cotyledons,  824. 
Cough  and  colds,  962. 
Cow,  points  of,  643. 

Cows,  treatment  of  duringgestation  period,  664. 
Cow-pox,  739. 
Cramps,  1022. 
Cream,  raising  of,  686. 

Apparatus,  695. 

Cretan,  or  Wallachian  sheep,  871,  874. 
Crevecoeurs,  987. 
Crop-bound,  1023. 
Croup,  841. 
Curculio,  plum,  1103. 


Curd  breakers,  710. 

Drainer,  709. 

Mill,  710. 

Currant- worm,  1105. 
Cysticercus  bovis,  814. 

Cellulosus,  976. 
Cystitis,  799. 

Dachshund,  1052. 

Dairy  barn,  model,  673. 

Dairy  interest,  importance  of,  643. 

Barns,  673. 

Dangerous  cattle,  device  for  controlling,  852. 
Danish  dog,  1045. 
Danubian  goose,  998. 
Debility,  1023. 
Delivery  milk-cans,  716. 
Delwart's  truss,  827. 
Dermanyssus  avium,  1064. 
Dermatocoptes,  812. 
Devon  cattle,  650. 
Diabetes,  793. 
Diarrhea  in  cattle,  784. 

In  calves,  842. 

In  sheep,  895. 

In  swine,  963. 

In  poultry,  1023. 

In  dogs,  1054. 
Dingo,  1033. 
Diseases  of  cattle,  721. 

Of  sheep,  891. 

Of  swine,  933. 

Of  poultry,  1020. 

Of  dogs,  1053. 
Dishley  sheep,  866,  872. 
Diphtheria  in  swine,  964. 

In  poultry,  1024. 
Dipping  sheep,  886. 
Disinfection,  859. 
Distemper,  1054. 
Distention  of  rumen,  895. 
Docking,  931. 
Dogs,  races  of,  1031. 

Diseases  of,  1053. 
Dog-fighting,  1045. 
Dog-flea,  1063. 
Dog-tick,  923. 
Dorsetshire  pig,  952. 
Drainage,  671. 
Drenching  a  cow,  768. 
Dropping  the  cud,  782. 
Dropsy,  899. 
Ducks,  998. 

Worms  in,  1029. 
Durham  cow,  short-horn,  .733. 
Dysentery  in  cattle,  785. 

In  sheep,  895. 

In  dogs,  1054. 
Dyspepsia,  782. 

Ear-louse,  dog,  1063. 
Echinococcus,  1061. 
Echinorrynchus  Polymorphus,  1029. 
EcthymaJ  905,  906. 
Ectozoa,  808. 


1124 


GENERAL  INDEX:     PART  SECOND. 


Eczema,  in  cattle,  804. 

In  sheep,  900. 
Egg-bound,  1024. 
Eggs,  physiology  of,  1008. 

Incubation,  1009. 

Packing  and  preserving,  1001. 

Testing,  1011. 
Eggs  of  bees,  1070. 

Queen's  egg  under  microscope.  1071. 
Egg-protectors,  1010. 

Egg-testers,  1011. 
Egyptian  goose,  998. 
Emphysema,  766. 
Emprosthotonos,  803. 
Enteric  fever,  729. 
Enteritis,  787. 
Entozoa,  812. 
Epilepsy,  in  cattle,  801. 

In  swine,  966. 
Epizootic  aphtha,  737. 

Epizootic  catarrh  in  swine,  954. 
Escutcheon,  milk,  646. 
Esquimau  dog,  1043. 
Essex  boar,  950. 

Pig,  951. 

Examination,  of  pulse  in  ox,  724. 
Exmoor  sheep,  877,  879. 
Extravasation,  bloody,  in  papillse  of  skin,  729. 

Fairlamb  can,  694. 
Fardel-bound,  780. 
Feather-eating,  1024. 
Feeding,  artificial,  656. 
Feeling  the  pulse,  932. 
Fetus  of  cow,  817,  818,  819. 
Fezzan  sheep,  879.  880. 
Filaria  imitis,  1062. 

Strongylus,  915. 
Flanders  bull,  669. 

Cow,  677. 

Flat-headed  apple-tree  borer,  1097. 
Flea-beetle,  1104. 

Flies,  808,  810,  811,  910,  911,  925,  926. 
Flooding,  825. 
Fluke,  913. 
Fluke  disease,  913. 
Fodder  or  hay  louse,  923. 
Food,  conditions  of  giving  to  cattle,  652. 

Regulation  of,  657. 
Foods  of  various  kinds,  table  of,  656. 

Nutritive  foods  for  sheep,  table  of,  889. 
Foot  and  mouth  disease  in  cattle,  737. 

In  sheep,  904. 

Foot-rot,  or  foot-halt,  d02. 
Foot -louse,  926. 
Foul  in  cattle,  805. 

In  sheep,  902. 
Fowls,  breeds  of,  983, 
Fragility  of  bones,  783. 
French  boar,  960,  963. 

Sow.  962,  965. 
French  ox-harness,  853. 
Frizzled  fowls,  991. 
Frost-bite,  1025. 
Fruit  culture,  1087. 


Gad-fly,  808,  810,  811,  910,  911, 
Gags,  wooden,  773. 

Iron,  774. 

Gamasus  of  fodder,  812. 
Gang  cheese-press,  711. 
Gangrenous  angina,  939. 
Gapes,  1025. 
Garget,  930. 
Geese,  998. 
Giant  strongle,  1059. 
Gid,  916. 
Giddiness,  1025. 
Glos  anthrax  in  cattle,  734. 

In  swine,  938. 
Glossina  morsitans,  925, 
Glossitis,  769. 
Goitre,  1056. 
Gonorrhea  in  cattle,  839. 

In  sheep,  897. 
Goat,  Cashmere,  869,  874. 
Gout,  1025. 
Grafting,  1093. 
Grape-vine  bark-louse,  1103. 

Flea-beetle,  1104. 
Grass,  best  food  for  cow,  657. 

When  to  cut,  668. 
Greyhound,  1046. 

Persian,  1046. 
Gullet,  obstruction  of,  778. 

Sacular  dilatation  of,  780. 
Gut-tie,  791. 

Hsematopinus  vituli,  812. 

Eurysternus,  812. 
Hsematuria,  746. 
Hsemorrhagica,  pupura,  742. 
Hair-worms,  921. 
Hampshire-downs  sheep,  875,  877. 
Hay-loader,  671,  672. 

At  work,  673. 
Hay-making,  668. 
Hay-maker,  670,  671. 
Heart  infested  with  measles,  814. 
Hereford  cattle,  650. 
Hernia,  abdominal,  789. 

Umbilical,  789. 

Of  uterus,  838. 
Herpes,  804,  805. 
Highland  sheep,  869,  874. 
Hippoboscus  ovis,  924. 
Holland  bull,  717. 

Cow,  727. 

Hollow-horn,  or  horn-ail,  742. 
Holstein  vertical  churn,  697. 
Honey  extractor,  1079. 
Honey,  liquid  and  comb,  1078. 

Storing  and  marketing,  1083. 

To  prevent  candying,  1084. 
Hooking,  device  to  prevent,  852. 
Hoose,  812. 
Hoove,  895. 
Horn-ail,  742. 
Horse-rake,  671,  672. 
Houdan  fowls,  986. 
House-fly,  912. 


GENERAL  INDEX:     PART  SECOND. 


1125 


Hoven  in  cattle,  770. 

In  sheep,  895. 

Human  remedies,  Appendix,  1115. 
Human  body-louse,  923. 

Head-louse,  924. 
Hunting-dog,  1034. 
Husk,  812. 
Hyena,  brown,  1032. 
Hybrid  bees,  how  to  tell  from  pure  Italians, 

1076. 
Hydatids,  916,  917,  918.      . 

In  brain  of  sheep,  917. 
Hydrophobia  in  sheep,  908. 

In  dogs,  1057. 
Hypoderm,  1063. 
Hysterocele,  837,  838. 

Ibex,  864.   ; 

Ictero-verminous  cachexia,  902. 
Impacted  rumen,  774. 
Impaction  of  omasum,  780. 
Imported  currant- worm,  1105. 
Incubation,  natural  process  of,  1009. 

Artificial,  1012. 
Incubators,  the  Graves,  1013. 

The  Halsted,  1014. 

The  Boyle,  1015. 

The  Toinlinson,  1016. 

The  thermostatic,  1017. 

Hearson's   regulator,  1018. 
Indigestion  in  lambs,  896. 

In  fowls,   1026. 
Inflammation  of  the  bladder  in  cattle,  799. 

In  sheep,  897. 

Of  the  bowels,  1055. 

Of  the  brain,  801. 

Of  the  kidneys,  798. 

Of  the  lungs,'  967. 

Of  the  mouth,  769. 

Of  the  tongue,  769. 

Of  the  udder,  839. 

Of  the  uterus,  828. 
Influenza,  901. 
Interdigital  canal,  903. 
Intestines,  tape- worm  in,  919. 
Inversion  of  the  bladder,  800. 

Of  the  uterus,  825. 
Insects,  organs  of  respiration  of,  921. 

Injurious  to  fruit,  1096. 
Insolation,  901. 
Intestines  of  ox,  770. 
Irritation  of  vagina,  929. 
Itch,  972. 

Jersey  short-horn  cow,  651. 

Kidneys  of  ox,  792. 
Koumiss,  719. 

IJamb-creep,  885. 
Lambing,  927. 

Lambs,  extra  feeding  of,  885. 
Management  of,  884. 


Laryngitis,  756. 
Layering,  1093. 

By  elevation,  1093. 
Leicester  sheep,  865,  872. 
Lesser  pettichaps,  1107. 
Left  side  of  cow  laid  open,  775. 
Leg-weakness,  1026. 
Leucorrhea,  835. 
Lice  in  cattle,  810. 

In  sheep,  923,  924,  925,  926. 

In  poultry,  1026. 
Light  Brahma  fowls,  990. 
Lincolnshire  sheep,  875,  876. 
Linguatula  serrata,  1062. 
Lithiasis,  799. 
Liver  fluke,  913. 
Liver  rot  in  sheep,  913. 
Liver  disease  in  poultry,  1027. 
Lobule  of  milk-gland,  679. 

Of  mammary  gland  in  woman,  680. 
Lock-jaw  in  cattle,  802. 

In  sheep,  899. 

Long-horn  cattle,  650,  657,  658. 
Longford  cheese-factory,  714. 
Loo,  or  low,  902. 

Lower  jaw  of  cow  in  rinderpest,  728. 
Lucilia  homnivorax,  925. 
Lungs,  abscess  of  in  cattle,  763. 

In  swine,  968. 
Lymphatic  gland,  772. 

Maggots,  912. 

Milignant  gangrenous  angina,  939. 

Pustule,  732. 

Sore  throat  in  cattle,  734. 

In  swine,  946. 

Epizootic  catarrh,  954. 
Mammary  gland  of  woman,  680 

Lobules  of,  680. 
Mammitis,  839. 

Dr.  C.  A.  Meyer,  on  Appendix,  1114. 
Man-eating  fly,  925. 
Mange  in  cattle,  810. 

In  sheep,  921. 

In  swine,  972. 

In  dogs,  1064. 
Maw-bond,  774. 

McBeth.  Dr.  B.  C.,  on  inversion  of  uterus,  826. 
Measles  in  cattle,  813. 

In  swine,  974. 
Measly  beef,  813. 
Meat-fly,  912. 

Medicine,  how  to  administer,  723. 
Merino  sheep,  871,  872,  874. 
Metritis,  828. 
Metro-peritonitis,  829. 
Meyer,Dr.C.A.,on  mammitis,  Appendix,1114. 

On  inversion  of  uterus,  825. 

On  caponizing  fowls,  1029. 
Milk,  composition  of,  680. 

Pure  conditions  of,  682. 

Danger  of  imparting  disease,  683. 

Cooling  and  setting,  689-692. 

Delivery,  716. 

Milk  secretion,  676. 


1126 


GENERAL  INDEX:    PART  SECOND. 


Milk-aerator,  693. 

Cans,  694. 

Strainers,  690. 

Tanks,  690. 

Vats,  706. 

Milk-escutcheon  of  cow,  646,  647,  648. 
Milk-fever,  832. 
Milk-gland,  network  of,  678. 

Lobule  of,  679. 
Milking,  659. 

Hints  in  regard  to,  662. 

Season  of,  664. 

Milking  machines,  662. 
Milking-pails,  661. 
Milk-shelves,  revolving,  689. 
Mirror-escutcheon,  646. 
Moufflon  sheep,  878,  880. 
Mouth,  injuries  of,  768. 

Inflammation  of,  769. 
Mowing  machines,  670. 
Mully  cattle,  651. 
Murrain,  906. 

Waevus,  section  of,  750. 

Nephritis,  798. 

Nervous  debility  in  parturition,  802. 

Newfoundland  dog,  1035. 

Nile  goose,  996. 

Norfolk  sheep,  874,  875. 

Nose-piece  to  prevent  sucking,  666. 

Nose-clamps,  850. 

Nose-punch,  851. 

Nose-ring,  850. 

Obstruction  of  gullet,  778. 
Oestrus  bo  vis,  810. 
Omasum,  impaction  of,  780. 
Ophisthotonos,  803. 
Ophthalmia,  806. 
Oscillating  churn,  699. 
Ostea  sarcoma,  748. 
Ox,  kidneys  of,  792. 

Urinary  apparatus  of,  792. 

Urethral  canal  of,  793. 
Ox-louse,  812. 
Ox's  head,  722. 
Ox  prepared  for  casting,  790. 

For  bleeding,  833. 
Ox  harness,  French,  853. 

Travis,  850. 
Ox  measle,  814. 
Oxyuris  vermicularis,  1060. 
Oyster-shell  bark-louse,  1098. 

Pan  for  setting  milk,  689. 

Paralysis  of  hind  quarters,  980. 

Paraphlegia,  parturient.  900. 

Parasites,  discoveries  in,  by  microscope,  909. 

Their  ravages,  1057. 
Parasitic  diseases  of  cattle,  808. 

Of  sheep,  909. 

Ol  swine,  970. 

Ot  poultry,   1025. 

Of  dogs,  1057. 


Parturient  apoplexy,  831,  832. 

Paraplegia,  900. 

Parturition,  nervous  debility  in,  902. 
Pasturage,  882. 
Pair-tree  twig-girdler,  1102. 
Peccary,  965. 
Pekin  bantams,  995. 
Pendulum  churn,  699. 
Peregourd  hog.  967. 
Pentastomum  denticulatum,  1062. 

Tenoides,  1062. 
Peritonitis,  788. 
Pet  dogs,  1052. 
Pfriemenschwantze,  1060. 
Phrenitis,  801. 
Phthisis,  748. 
Pigmy  Piculet,  1110. 
Piles,  969. 
Pining,  899. 
Pip,  1027. 
Planarian,  914. 

Playfair's,  Dr.  Lyon,  analysis  of  milk,  654. 
Plea  for  the  birds,  1107. 
Plethora,  741. 
Pleurisy,  763. 
Pleuritis,  894. 
Pleuro-enteritis,  945. 

Erysipelatous  form,  946. 
Pleuro-pneumonia,  726. 
Pleurosthotonos,  803. 
Plexus  of  lymphatics,  section  of,  771. 
Plum-curculio,  1103. 
Plymouth  Rock  fowls,  989. 
Pneumonia  in  cattle,  761. 

In  sheep,  894. 

In  swine,  967. 
Poland-China  pig,  959. 
Polish  fowls,  990. 
Polled  cattle,  651. 

Model  polled  bull,  659. 
Portable  poultry-houses,  1003. 
Potato-cleaner,  980. 
Poultry,  breeds  of,  983. 

Feeding  and  marketing,  999. 

Architecture,  1003. 

Diseases  of,  1020. 
Probang  and  gag,  773. 

Holding  cow  for  passage  of,  77(9. 
Protrusion  of  bladder,  800. 
Pruning  fruit,  1088. 
Psoriasis,  in  cattle,  804. 

In  sheep,  901. 
Puerperal  fever,  829. 

Paraplegia,  900. 
Pulse,  feeling  the,  932. 
Purples,  945 

Purpura  hsemorrhagica,  742. 
Pyaemia,  747. 
Pyramidal  strainer,  694. 

ISabies  in  sheep,  908. 

In  dogs,  1057. 

Rectangular  churn,  Whipple's,  700. 
Red  mange,  1064. 


GENERAL  INDEX:  PART  SECOND. 


1127 


Ked  water  in  cattle,  746. 

In  sheep,  901. 
Kemedies,  human,  1115. 
Renault's  trass,  829. 
Kennet,  681. 

Retained  after-birth,  824. 
Retention  of  urine  in  cattle,  793. 

In  sheep,  897. 

Revolving  milk  shelves,  689. 
Revolving  barrel  churn,  698. 
Rheumatism  in  cattle,  743. 

In  sheep,  930. 

In  poultry,  1027. 
Rickets,  783. 
Rinderpest,  729. 
Ring-worm,  810,  813. 
Romney  marsh  sheep,  865,  872. 
Rose-beetle,  1104. 
Rose-colored  pastor,  1111. 
Rot,  913. 
Rot  dropsy,  902. 

Round-headed  apple-tree  borer,  1097. 
Round-worms,  1059. 
Roup,  1027. 

Rueff  s  method  of  throwing  the  ox,  849. 
Rumen,  distention  of,  895. 

Impacted,  774. 
Rumenotomy,  776. 

Rumen  exposed  in,  777. 
Rumpless  bantams,  991. 


Sacular  dilatation  of  gullet,  780. 
Salting  butter,  703. 
Scab  in  sheep,  921,  922. 

In  swine,  972. 
Scalpel,  758. 

Sclerostoma  syngamus,  1025. 
Scolex  of  tape-worm,  919,  1061. 
Scours  in  calves,  784. 

In  swine,  963. 


Schwartz  system  of  milk  cooling,  691. 

Swedish  system,  690. 
Sediment  in  urinary  canal,  807. 
Sebright  fowls,  997. 
Septicaemia,  747. 
Setter,  1051. 

Irish,  1052. 

Sharpening  mower-knife,  671. 
Shearing  sheep,  887. 
Sheep,  breeds  of,  863. 

Care  and  management  of,  881. 

Care  and  feeding  in  winter,  888. 

Profits  of  an  investment  in,  890. 

Selection  of  breeders,  886. 

Skeleton  of,  891. 

Washing  and  shearing,  887. 
Sheep-bug,  925. 
Shepherd  dog,  1041. 
Short-horn  cattle,  648,  655. 
Short-tailed  ant-thrush,  1112 
Silky  fowls,  990. 


Skeleton  of  cow,  721. 

Of  sheep,  891. 

Of  hog,  954. 

Of  fowl,  1021. 

Of  dog,  1053. 
Skin-louse,  1064. 
Skull  of  ram,  892. 
Small-pox,  905. 
Snuffles,  961. 
So-called  cholera,  944. 
Softening  of  the  bones,  783. 
Solary  erythema,  901. 
Sore  teats,  838. 
Sore  throat  in  cattle,  756. 

Malignant,  734. 
Southdown  sheep,  867,  872. 
Splenic  apoplexy,  736. 
Sprains,  932. 
Staggers,  966. 
Stall  for  two  cows,  675. 
St.  Bernard  dog,  1038. 
Steinbock,  864. 
Sthenic  h?ematuria,  797. 
Stifle  joint,  injury  of,  855. 
Stomach  of  ruminants,  769,  770. 

Arteries  of,  771. 
Stomach-pump,  831. 
Stone  in  bladder,  897. 
Strangulation  of  intestines,  791. 
Streamlet  churn,  699. 
Strobile,  919. 
Strongle,  giant,  1059. 
Strongylus  or  strongula,  979. 
Sturdy,  916. 

Sucking,  methods  to  prevent,  667. 
Suffolk  sow,  955. 
Sulphuric  acid  gas,  apparatus  for  liberating, 

861. 

Sussex  cattle,  650. 
Suture  needles,  857,  859. 
Sutures,  857. 
Swarming  of  bees,  1072. 

Prevention  of,  1075. 
Swelled  legs  in  fowls,  1025. 
Swiss  bull,  663. 
Cow,  665. 

Syrian  sheep,  868,  874. 
Syringe,  glass,  750. 
Hypodermic,  759. 
For  wounds,  858. 

Ta>nia,  974. 

Plicata,  919. 

Solium,  974. 

Echinococcus,  1061. 
Tamworth  pig,  956. 
Tank  for  setting  milk,  690. 
Tape-worm  in  cattle,  814. 

In  sheep,  919. 

In  swine,  974. 

In  dogs,  1061. 

Teat  siphons,  various  forms  of,  739. 
Teats,  sore,  662. 
Tedding  machine,  670. 


1128 


GENERAL  INDEX:    PART  SECOND. 


Teeth  of  cattle,  844. 

Of  sheep,  892. 

Of  swine,  955. 
Terriers,  1051. 
Tetanus  in  cattle,  802. 

In  sheep,  899. 
Thread-strongle,  915. 
Throwing  ox,  methods  of,  849. 
Ticks  in  sheep,  886. 
Tongue,  inflammation  of,  769. 

Paralysis  of,  769. 
Tonics,  1028. 

Traumatic,  albuminuria,  795. 
Trichina  spiralis,  977. 
Trichinosis,  976. 
Trichocephalus  dispar,  1060. 
Trichodectes  of  ox,  812. 
Trocar,  774. 
Truss  for  hernia,  789. 

Delwart's,  827. 

Kenault's,  829. 
Tsetse  fly,  926. 
Tubercular  consumption,  748. 
Tuberculosis,  748. 

Tumor  on  parotid  glands,  and  on  upper  and 
lower  jaw,  749,  750. 

Tumor  cured  by  quack,  749. 
Turkeys,  998. 

Turnips,  pulped,  as  food,  657. 
Turnsick,  916. 
Twig-girdler,  1102. 
Tympanites,  770. 

Udder  of  cow,  678. 

Of  rabbit,  681. 

Bandaging,  740. 

Described,  676. 

Inflammation  of,  939. 

Lobule  and  milk  ducts  of,  678. 
Udders  of  good  milkers,  682. 
Ulcers,  cancerous,  748. 
Umbilical  hernia,  789. 
Unnatural  presentations,  820,  821. 

Halters  for  operation  in,  822. 
Uraemia,  745. 


Urinary  apparatus  of  ox,  792. 
Urine,  retention  of,  793. 

Incontinence  of,  795. 

Operation  forremovingurine  from  ox,  746. 
Uterus  of  cow,  824. 

Van  Beneden  on  the  tape-worm,  919. 
Variola  vaccinse,  739. 
Ventilation,  859. 
Vertical  churn,  697,  698. 
Vesicles  of  mammary  lobules,  681. 
Victoria  churn,  698. 

Wallaehian  sheep,  871,  874. 

Wallikiki  fowls,  994. 

"VVarragal,  1033. 

Washing  sheep,  887. 

Water  braxy,  901. 

Weighing  can,  695. 

WTeldon's  cream-raising  apparatus,  695. 

Welsh  sheep,  877,  879. 

Whipple's  rectangular  churn,  700. 

White  comb,  in  fowls,  1028. 

Wliites,  835. 

Wrhite  scours,  896. 

Wild  boar  of  Africa,  934. 

Of  India,  935. 

Of  Europe,  937. 

Of  Malacco,  939. 
Willow  warblers,  1107. 
Wool,  comparison  of  fibers,  874. 
Woolly  louse  of  the  apple,  1097. 
Wounds,  incised,  857. 

Lacerated,  858. 

Punctured,  859. 

Contused,  859. 

In  swine,  980. 
Wren,  yellow,  1107. 

Golden-crested,  1108. 

Fire-crested,  1108. 

Yellow  wren,  1107. 
Yokohama  fowls,  989. 
Yorkshire  hog,  945,  946,  947. 


APPENDIX 

PAGE. 

The  Farm 1129-1137 

Grasses,  Haymaking,  etc 1138-1169 

Water  and  Germs . .  . .  1170-1181 


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